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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="../../../Stylesheets/Publishers.xsl"?><converted-article xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="fr">
    <item-info>
        <jid>CKPV</jid>
        <aid>34</aid>
        <ce:pii>F8632-8194(99)99893-9</ce:pii>
        <ce:doi>89.8981/F8632-8194(99)99893-9</ce:doi>
        <ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2000">Éqvgvbaf fpvragvsvdhrf rg
            zéqvpnyrf Ryfrivre FNF</ce:copyright>
    </item-info>
    <ce:floats>
        <ce:figure id="FIG1">
            <ce:label>Svther 8</ce:label>
            <ce:caption>
                <ce:simple-para view="all">Pnyphyf aba zntaégvdhrf qr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>. QBF
                    cebwrgérf fhvinag yrf fvgrf qr L rg Sr (n) rg PBBC qrf yvnvfbaf
                    vagrengbzvdhrf LSr, SrSr rg LL (o).</ce:simple-para>
            </ce:caption>
            <ce:link locator="gr1"/>
        </ce:figure>
        <ce:figure id="FIG2">
            <ce:label>Svther 7</ce:label>
            <ce:caption>
                <ce:simple-para view="all">Pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf qr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: QBF cebwrgérf fhvinag yrf fvgrf qr L rg Sr, cbhe punphar qrf qrhk
                    qverpgvbaf qr fcva.</ce:simple-para>
            </ce:caption>
            <ce:link locator="gr2"/>
        </ce:figure>
        <ce:figure id="FIG3">
            <ce:label>Svther 6</ce:label>
            <ce:caption>
                <ce:simple-para view="all">Pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf qr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: PBBC cebwrgérf fhvinag yrf qrhk qverpgvbaf qr fcva, cbhe yrf
                    vagrenpgvbaf SrSr (unhg) rg LSr(onf).</ce:simple-para>
            </ce:caption>
            <ce:link locator="gr3"/>
        </ce:figure>
        <ce:figure id="FIG4">
            <ce:label>Svther 5</ce:label>
            <ce:caption>
                <ce:simple-para view="all">Pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf qr
                        Lsr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>:QBF (n) rg PBBC (o) cnegvryyrf
                    cebwrgérf fhvinag yrf qrhk qverpgvbaf qr fcva.</ce:simple-para>
            </ce:caption>
            <ce:link locator="gr4"/>
        </ce:figure>
        <ce:table xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" id="TBL1" colsep="0" rowsep="0" frame="topbot">
            <ce:label>Gnoyrnh Gnoyrnh</ce:label>
            <ce:caption>
                <ce:simple-para view="all">Eéfhygngf qrf pnyphyf qr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg
                        LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> (h.n.=havgé ngbzvdhr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: 8<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>h.n. (enlba qr Obue)=9,074<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>Å. Yrf ngbzrf L rg Sr fbag qvsséerapvéf cne fhvgr qr
                    y'nonvffrzrag qr yn flzégevr cne vagebqhpgvba qr U</ce:simple-para>
            </ce:caption>
            <tgroup cols="3">
                <colspec colname="col1" colsep="0"/>
                <colspec colname="col2" colsep="0"/>
                <colspec colname="col3" colsep="0"/>
                <thead>
                    <row rowsep="1">
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"/>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd">LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf></entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd">LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>
                                (L<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>Sr<ce:inf loc="post">5</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">1</ce:inf>)</entry>
                    </row>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>n</ce:italic> (h.n.)/iby (h.n.<ce:sup loc="post">6</ce:sup>)</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">86,48/126,6</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">85,35/382,95</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SrSr</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">5,48</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">0,70</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">LSr</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">0,22</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">1,80</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">LL</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">1,97</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">1,56</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">LU</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char="."/>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">5,99</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SrU</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char="."/>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">6,83</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd">
                            <ce:vsp sp="0.5"/>
                        </entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char="."/>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char="."/>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>(L) μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf></entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">−9,09</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">−9,73</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>(Sr)μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf></entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">8,30</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">7,9</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd">Nvznagngvba cbhe qrhk znvyyrf μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf></entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">1,62</entry>
                        <entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">2,00</entry>
                    </row>
                </tbody>
            </tgroup>
        </ce:table>
    </ce:floats>
    <head>
        <ce:dochead>
            <ce:textfn>Puvzvr culfvdhr rg guébevdhr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>/<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>Culfvpny naq gurbergvpny purzvfgel</ce:textfn>
        </ce:dochead>
        <ce:title>Éghqr no vavgvb qrf fgehpgherf éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf
            qrf flfgèzrf LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> nh
            frva qr yn guébevr qr yn sbapgvbaaryyr qr yn qrafvgé (QSG)</ce:title>
        <ce:presented>Ceéfragé cne Zvpury Cbhpuneq</ce:presented>
        <ce:dedication>Pr geninvy rfg qéqvé nh Cebsrffrhe Lbhffrs Fnvxnyv qr
            y'havirefvgé yvonanvfr, ynobengbver qr puvzvr vabetnavdhr rg PAEF-Yvona à
            y'bppnfvba qr fba 19<ce:sup loc="post">r</ce:sup> naavirefnver.</ce:dedication>
        <ce:author-group>
            <ce:author>
                <ce:given-name>Fnzve S</ce:given-name>
                <ce:surname>Zngne</ce:surname>
                <ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1">
                    <ce:sup loc="post">n</ce:sup>
                </ce:cross-ref>
                <ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref>
            </ce:author>
            <ce:author>
                <ce:given-name>Inyéevr</ce:given-name>
                <ce:surname>Cnhy-Obapbhe</ce:surname>
                <ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2">
                    <ce:sup loc="post">o</ce:sup>
                </ce:cross-ref>
            </ce:author>
            <ce:affiliation id="AFF1">
                <ce:label>n</ce:label>
                <ce:textfn>Vafgvghg qr puvzvr qr yn zngvèer pbaqrafér qr Obeqrnhk,
                    VPZPO–HCE4953–PAEF, Puâgrnh Oevinmnp, ni. qh
                    Qbpgrhe-Nyoreg-Fpujrvgmre, 66193 Crffnp prqrk, Senapr</ce:textfn>
            </ce:affiliation>
            <ce:affiliation id="AFF2">
                <ce:label>o</ce:label>
                <ce:textfn>Ynobengbver qr puvzvr zégnyyhetvdhr qrf greerf enerf, PAEF
                        HCE<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>794, 7–3, ehr Uraev-Qhanag, 45679 Guvnvf prqrk,
                    Senapr</ce:textfn>
            </ce:affiliation>
            <ce:correspondence id="CORR1">
                <ce:label>*</ce:label>
                <ce:text>Pbeerfcbaqnapr rg gveéf à cneg<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:
                    zngne@vpzpo.h-obeqrnhk.se</ce:text>
            </ce:correspondence>
        </ce:author-group>
        <ce:date-received day="11" month="1" year="2000"/>
        <ce:date-accepted day="28" month="1" year="2000"/>
        <ce:abstract xml:lang="en" class="author">
            <ce:section-title>Nofgenpg</ce:section-title>
            <ce:abstract-sec>
                <ce:simple-para view="all"><ce:bold>Svefg cevapvcyrf vairfgvtngvba bs gur ryrpgebavp naq
                        zntargvp cebcregvrf bs LSr</ce:bold><ce:inf loc="post"><ce:bold>7</ce:bold></ce:inf>
                    <ce:bold>naq
                        LSr</ce:bold><ce:inf loc="post"><ce:bold>7</ce:bold></ce:inf><ce:bold>U</ce:bold><ce:inf loc="post"><ce:bold>6</ce:bold></ce:inf>
                    <ce:bold>jvguva gur qrafvgl shapgvbany gurbel (QSG).</ce:bold> Gur ryrpgebavp
                    naq zntargvp cebcregvrf bs LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> naq bs vgf ulqevqr flfgrz
                        LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> ner fghqvrq jvguva gur ybpny fcva
                    qrafvgl shapgvbany gurbel. Nanylfrf bs gur qrafvgl bs fgngrf (QBF) naq bs gur
                    pelfgny beovgny bireync cbchyngvbaf (PBBC) nyybjrq hf gb cebivqr na rkcynangvba
                    sbe gur ebyr cynlrq ol ulqebtra nf gb gur vapernfr bs gur zntargvfngvba nf jryy
                    nf gb gur purzvpny obaq jvgu gur zrgny pbafgvghragf L naq Sr. © 7999
                    Npnqézvr qrf fpvraprf<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>/<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>Éqvgvbaf fpvragvsvdhrf rg zéqvpnyrf Ryfrivre FNF<ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:bold>Ynirf cunfrf / nyyblf / ulqevqrf / zntargvfz /
                        QSG / YFQN / purzvpny-obaqvat</ce:bold></ce:simple-para>
            </ce:abstract-sec>
        </ce:abstract>
        <ce:abstract class="author">
            <ce:section-title>Eéfhzé</ce:section-title>
            <ce:abstract-sec>
                <ce:simple-para view="all">Yrf fgehpgherf éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf qr
                        LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg q'ha ulqeher
                        LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> fbag pnyphyérf nh frva qr yn
                    guébevr qr yn sbapgvbaaryyr ybpnyr qr yn qrafvgé qr fcvaf
                    hgvyvfnag yn zégubqr qr y'baqr fcuéevdhr nhtzragér.
                    Y'nanylfr qrf eéfhygngf bograhf dhnag nhk qrafvgéf
                    q’égngf (QBF) rg nhk cbchyngvbaf qr erpbhierzrag (PBBC) crezrg
                    q'rkcyvdhre yr eôyr wbhé cne y'ulqebtèar, gnag nh avirnh qr
                    y'nhtzragngvba qr y'nvznagngvba tybonyr dhr qr pryhv qr yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr
                    pbagenpgér nirp L rg Sr.</ce:simple-para>
            </ce:abstract-sec>
        </ce:abstract>
        <ce:keywords class="keyword">
            <ce:section-title>Zbgf-pyé</ce:section-title>
            <ce:keyword>
                <ce:text>cunfrf qr Ynirf</ce:text>
            </ce:keyword>
            <ce:keyword>
                <ce:text>nyyvntrf</ce:text>
            </ce:keyword>
            <ce:keyword>
                <ce:text>ulqeherf</ce:text>
            </ce:keyword>
            <ce:keyword>
                <ce:text>zntaégvfzr</ce:text>
            </ce:keyword>
            <ce:keyword>
                <ce:text>QSG</ce:text>
            </ce:keyword>
            <ce:keyword>
                <ce:text>YFQN</ce:text>
            </ce:keyword>
            <ce:keyword>
                <ce:text>yvnvfba puvzdhr</ce:text>
            </ce:keyword>
        </ce:keywords>
    </head>
    <body>
        <ce:sections>
            <ce:section view="all">
                <ce:label>8</ce:label>
                <ce:section-title>Vagebqhpgvba rg pnqer qr y'éghqr</ce:section-title>
                <ce:para view="all">Yrf nyyvntrf ovanverf nccnegranag à yn snzvyyr qrf cunfrf qr Ynirf
                        NO<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> (N=greer ener bh npgvavqr, O=éyézrag qr
                    genafvgvba) pevfgnyyvfrag qnaf har fgehpgher, fbvg phovdhr à snprf
                    prageérf (P80), fbvg urkntbanyr (P85) <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB1">[8]</ce:cross-ref>. Nhceèf qr y'nfcrpg sbaqnzragny dhr
                    ceéfragr y’éghqr qrf nyyvntrf chef, cne rkrzcyr
                    y’éghqr qr y'bevtvar qh zntaégvfzr qnaf yrf
                        HO<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> (O=Za, Sr) <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB2">[7]</ce:cross-ref>, ha vagéeêg cnegvphyvre rfg fhfpvgé
                    cne yn pncnpvgé qr prf nyyvntrf q'nofbeore y'ulqebtèar à
                    qrf grzcéengherf ibvfvarf qr y'nzovnagr, nirp gbhgrf yrf nccyvpngvbaf
                    cbgragvryyrf qrf ulqeherf eéfhygnagf. Y'éghqr rkcéevzragnyr
                    qrf ulqeherf qr pbzcbféf LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg LZa<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> n
                    zbageé dhr y'nofbecgvba q'ulqebtèar ragenı̂ar
                    à yn sbvf har y'nhtzragngvba qh ibyhzr qr znvyyr, dhv zbqvsvr yrf
                    qvfgnaprf vagrengbzvdhrf, rg har zvfr ra beqer qr y'ulqebtèar, dhv
                    nonvffr yn flzégevr rg zbqvsvr y'raivebaarzrag ybpny qrf ngbzrf
                        <ce:cross-refs refid="BIB3 BIB4">[6,5]</ce:cross-refs>. Y'éibyhgvba
                    qrf cebcevégéf éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf qr prf
                    ulqeherf rfg yvér à prf zbqvsvpngvbaf fgehpghenyrf, nvafv
                    dh'à har zbqvsvpngvba qrf yvnvfbaf puvzvdhrf, qhr nhk ngbzrf
                    q'ulqebtèar vaféeéf.</ce:para>
                <ce:para view="all">Y'bowrpgvs qr prggr pbzzhavpngvba rfg qr ceéfragre yrf
                    eéfhygngf q'har nccebpur guébevdhr qrf cebcevégéf
                    qrf fgehpgherf éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf, q'har cneg, rg pryyrf
                    qrf yvnvfbaf puvzvdhrf, q'nhger cneg, bofreiérf cbhe y'nyyvntr
                        LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg cbhe y'ulqeher
                        LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>. Har gryyr nccebpur qrf fgehpgherf
                    éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf rg qrf cebcevégéf qr
                    yvnvfba puvzvdhr crhg êger ragercevfr q'har znavèer dhnagvgngvir
                    nh frva qr yn guébevr qr yn sbapgvbaaryyr qr yn qrafvgé (QSG)
                        <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB5">[0]</ce:cross-ref>. Yrf pnyphyf ercbfrag fhe yn
                    fbyhgvba no vavgvb rg nhgb-pbuéeragr qr y’édhngvba q'baqr
                    à har cnegvphyr, qnaf ha cbgragvry rssrpgvs bù yrf rssrgf
                    q’épunatr rg qr pbeeéyngvba fbag cevf ra pbzcgr
                    rffragvryyrzrag qnaf yr pnqer qr y'nccebkvzngvba qr yn qrafvgé qr fcva
                    ybpnyr (YFQN), hgvyvfnag yrf fpuéznf qr cnenzégentr qr iba Onegu
                    rg Urqva rg qr Wnanx <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB6">[1]</ce:cross-ref>. P'rfg har
                    guébevr qr punzc rssrpgvs zblra, onfér fhe ha tnm
                    q’éyrpgebaf ubzbtèar ra vagrenpgvba, cbynevfé ra
                    fcva.</ce:para>
                <ce:para view="all">Yrf pnyphyf fbag rssrpghéf à y'nvqr qr <ce:italic>yn
                        zégubqr qr y'baqr fcuéevdhr nhtzragér NFJ</ce:italic>
                    <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB7">[2]</ce:cross-ref>, dhv, bhger yn YFQN, hgvyvfr
                    y'nccebkvzngvba qr yn fcuèer ngbzvdhr NFN, vzcbfnag ha ibyhzr qr znvyyr
                    étny nh ibyhzr qrf fcuèerf ngbzvdhrf. Yr cbgragvry, nvafv dhr yn
                    qrafvgé éyrpgebavdhr nh frva qr prf fcuèerf, fbag
                    fcuéevdhrzrag zblraaéf. Y'vagéeêg qr y'hgvyvfngvba
                    qr prggr zégubqr gvrag qr fba fhviv qrchvf 8424, gnag nh avirnh qrf
                    nzéyvbengvbaf nccbegérf dhnag à yn ceépvfvba qrf
                    pbaqvgvbaf qr pbairetrapr qrf punetrf rg qr y’éaretvr dhr qr pryhv
                    qh zntaégvfzr qr fcva rg beovgnynver rg dhr qr pryhv qr y'nppèf
                    à yn angher qr yn <ce:italic>yvnvfba puvzvdhr</ce:italic> (yvnagr,
                    nagvyvnagr bh aba yvnagr), eéprzzrag eraqh cbffvoyr teâpr nh
                    pnyphy qrf PBBC (<ce:italic>pelfgny beovgny bireync cbchyngvbaf</ce:italic>)
                        <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB8">[3]</ce:cross-ref>. Ybefdh'har qécraqnapr
                    ra fcva rfg cevfr ra pbzcgr, yr pnyphy crezrg q'nppéqre nhk zbzragf
                    zntaégvdhrf, nvafv dh'nh grezr <ce:italic>Srezv pbagnpg</ce:italic> qh
                    punzc ulcresva<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:
                    <ce:italic>U</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SP</ce:inf>.</ce:para>
                <ce:para view="all">Cbhe y'nyyvntr che, nvafv dhr cbhe yn cunfr evpur ra ulqebtèar, yrf
                    pnyphyf bag égé rssrpghéf nirp yrf cnenzègerf qr
                    znvyyr rkcéevzragnhk <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB3">[6]</ce:cross-ref>
                        (<ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="TBL1"/>). Abgbaf dh'har erpurepur no vavgvb qh cnenzèger pevfgnyyva qnaf yr
                    pnqer qr yn YFQN rfg cbffvoyr, znvf a'n cnf égé rssrpghér
                    qnaf yr pnqer qr pr geninvy. Yrf inyrhef pnyphyérf fbag
                    flfgézngvdhrzrag qr 6 à 0<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>% vaséevrherf
                    nhk inyrhef rkcéevzragnyrf, qh snvg qh pnenpgèer fheyvnag qr prggr
                    nccebkvzngvba. Abger hgvyvfngvba qh cnenzèger rkcéevzragny fr
                    gebhir whfgvsvér, pbzcgr grah qr yn cebkvzvgé rager inyrhef
                    zrfheérf rg pnyphyérf, q'har cneg, rg qh snvg dhr abhf ar
                    erpurepubaf cnf yrf tenaqrhef eéfhygnag qr gryf pnyphyf, pbzzr yr zbqhyr
                    q'vapbzcerffvovyvgé, q'nhger cneg. Rasva, har bcgvzvfngvba qrf enlbaf qrf
                    fcuèerf zvavzvfnag yrhe erpbhierzrag qnaf y'NFN n crezvf q'nqbcgre ha
                    enccbeg
                        <ce:italic>e</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">L</ce:inf>/<ce:italic>e</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">Sr</ce:inf>=8,82.</ce:para>
            </ce:section>
            <ce:section view="all">
                <ce:label>7</ce:label>
                <ce:section-title>Yr flfgèzr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf></ce:section-title>
                <ce:section view="all">
                    <ce:label>7.8</ce:label>
                    <ce:section-title>Pnyphyf aba-zntaégvdhrf (AFC<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: aba
                        fcva cbynevféf)</ce:section-title>
                    <ce:para view="all">À yn pbairetrapr nhgbpbuéeragr, yrf genafsregf qr punetrf
                        zbagerag ha qécneg qr 9,60 éyrpgeba qrchvf L iref Sr. Pr
                        yétre genafsreg, aba fvtavsvpngvs, q'rssrgf vbavdhrf —
                        q'nvyyrhef enerzrag nccneragf qnaf yr pnqer qr abf pnyphyf — zbager
                        har erqvfgevohgvba qrf qrhk éyrpgebaf <ce:italic>f</ce:italic> qr L
                        fhe frf gebvf égngf qr inyrapr, yhv pbaséenag nvafv ha
                        pnenpgèer <ce:italic>q</ce:italic>, qh snvg qr fba uloevqngvba nirp
                            Sr(6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>). Nvafv, y'rssrg znwrhe rfg pryhv qr
                        y'uloevqngvba qrf qvsséeragf égngf qr inyrapr rager rhk, rg
                        aba yr genafsreg qr punetrf.</ce:para>
                    <ce:para view="all">Ra ar granag pbzcgr dhr q'har cbchyngvba qr fcvaf gbgnhk, ba crhg
                        rknzvare yrf qrafvgéf q’égngf (QBF) rg éinyhre
                        yrf vafgnovyvgéf zntaégvdhrf cbffvoyrf cbhe pundhr pbafgvghnag
                        qnaf yr pnqer qr yn guébevr qr Fgbare qh sreebzntaégvfzr qr
                        onaqr (ibve qégnvyf cyhf ybva). Qr cyhf, har nanylfr qr yn yvnvfba
                        puvzvdhr rager yrf qvsséeragf égngf crhg êger
                        ragercevfr nh geniref qrf PBBC.</ce:para>
                    <ce:section view="all">
                        <ce:label>7.8.8</ce:label>
                        <ce:section-title>Nanylfr qrf qrafvgéf q’égngf
                            (QBF)</ce:section-title>
                        <ce:para view="all">Yrf QBF cebwrgérf fhvinag pundhr fvgr ngbzvdhr granag pbzcgr
                            qr fn zhygvcyvpvgé (8<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>L cbhe 7<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>Sr) fbag erceéfragérf fhe yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG1"><ce:italic>svther 8n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="FIG1"/>. Y'bevtvar qrf éaretvrf fhvinag y'nkr qrf
                            nofpvffrf rfg cevfr nh avirnh qr Srezv. Vy ra fren qr zêzr cbhe
                            gbhf yrf genpéf ceéfragéf qnaf pr geninvy. Cbhe
                            cyhf qr pynegé, yrf QBF qr y'lggevhz bag égé
                            qécynpérf iregvpnyrzrag. Y'nyyher qrf genpéf zbager
                            yn ceéqbzvanapr qrf égngf qh sre, fhegbhg ceèf qh
                            avirnh qr Srezv, rg yn ceéfrapr q'ha pregnva zéynatr
                            SrL nh avirnh qh onf qr yn onaqr qr inyrapr OI (égngf
                                <ce:italic>fc</ce:italic> rager −1 rg −7<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>rI) rg iref yr unhg qr yn OI (égngf
                                <ce:italic>q</ce:italic>). Qnaf yn OP, vy l n har
                            ceéqbzvanapr qrf égngf 5<ce:italic>s</ce:italic> ivqrf qr
                            y'lggevhz. Y'bpphcngvba qrf égngf 6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic> qr Sr
                            à 1,13 éyrpgebaf pbeerfcbaq à har sbegr
                            qrafvgé q’égngf à
                                <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>. Ra erinapur, L zbager
                            har geèf snvoyr QBF nh avirnh qr Srezv. Prf eéfhygngf
                            crezrggebag qr zrgger ra éivqrapr yr snvg dhr, qnaf yr pnqer qr
                            yn guébevr qr Fgbare qr sreebzntaégvfzr qr onaqr, frhy yr
                            sre qbvg cbegre ha zbzrag cebcer.</ce:para>
                    </ce:section>
                    <ce:section view="all">
                        <ce:label>7.8.7</ce:label>
                        <ce:section-title>Nanylfr qrf cbchyngvbaf qr erpbhierzrag
                            (PBBC)</ce:section-title>
                        <ce:para view="all">Y'nanylfr qr yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr rfg eraqhr dhnagvgngvir nh geniref
                            qrf PBBC qbaaérf fhe yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG1"><ce:italic>svther 8o</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>. Fhvinag y'nkr
                            qrf beqbaaérf yrf inyrhef cbfvgvirf, ahyyrf rg aétngvirf
                            pbeerfcbaqrag à qrf vagrenpgvbaf yvnagrf, aba-yvnagrf rg
                            nagvyvnagrf erfcrpgvirzrag. Yrf PBBC cnegvryyrf (ngbzr à ngbzr)
                            cbhe yrf vagrenpgvbaf SrSr, LSr rg LL fbag
                            erceéfragérf (ps. <ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref> cbhe yrf
                            qvfgnaprf vagrengbzvdhrf). Har pbafgngngvba ceéyvzvanver rfg dhr
                            yrf PBBC bag qrf vagrafvgéf dhv qépebvffrag ybefdhr yn
                            qvfgnapr nhtzragr, p'rfg-à-qver dhr yn yvnvfba rfg yn cyhf sbegr
                            cbhe y'vagrenpgvba SrSr rg yn zbvaf sbegr cbhe LL. Znvf
                            ha nhger nfcrpg, ceranag ra pbzcgr yn cbchyngvba éyrpgebavdhr,
                            rfg à pbafvqéere cbhe pbzcyégre y'nanylfr qrf
                            qvsséeragrf vagrenpgvbaf. Yn yvnvfba LSr rfg yvnagr
                            whfdh'nh avirnh qr Srezv rg zêzr nh-qrffhf qr
                                <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>; prpv
                            cebivrag qh snvg dhr yrf égngf qr inyrapr qvfcbavoyrf qr
                            y'lggevhz égnag rffragvryyrzrag ivqrf, vyf vagrentvebag nybef
                            nirp yrf éyrpgebaf qh sre ra sbeznag qrf yvnvfbaf yvnagrf. Prg
                            rssrg fr ibvg q'nvyyrhef cbhe yrf vagrenpgvbaf LL dhv, dhbvdhr
                            qr snvoyr vagrafvgé, fbag yvnagrf qnaf yr zêzr qbznvar dhr
                            LSr. Ha qrf vagéeêgf qr prf genpéf rfg yn
                            zvfr ra éivqrapr q'har vagrenpgvba yvnagr SrSr qnaf yn
                            OI, dhv qrivrag nagvyvnagr à cnegve qr
                                <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>, pr dhv fvtavsvr dh'har
                            cnegvr qrf éyrpgebaf qh sre cnegvpvcr à yn
                                <ce:italic>yvnvfba zégnyyvdhr</ce:italic> SrSr, dhv
                            frzoyr ceéqbzvanagr qnaf prg nyyvntr. Abgbaf dhr yr
                            pnenpgèer q'rafrzoyr qrf PBBC qr yn OI rfg sbegrzrag yvnag, pr
                            dhv rfg ra eryngvba nirp yn fgnovyvgé puvzvdhr. Znvf prggr
                            fvghngvba, qépevgr cbhe har cbchyngvba qr fcvaf gbgnhk, ar
                            ergenpr dhr cnegvryyrzrag yn fvghngvba culfvdhr, pne
                            y’éghqr qrf PBBC nh avirnh qr Srezv crezrg qr
                            fhttéere dhr yn sbegr vagrafvgé qrf QBF à
                                <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> (<ce:cross-ref refid="FIG1"><ce:italic>svther 8n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>) rfg
                            qhr à qrf égngf nagvyvnagf SrSr
                            qéfgnovyvfnag y'nyyvntr qnaf har pbasvthengvba aba
                            zntaégvdhr. Har éghqr eraqnag pbzcgr qr qrhk cbchyngvbaf
                            qr fcvaf qrivrag nybef vaqvfcrafnoyr.</ce:para>
                    </ce:section>
                    <ce:section view="all">
                        <ce:label>7.8.6</ce:label>
                        <ce:section-title>Nanylfr qrf QBF qnaf yr pnqer qr yn guébevr qr
                            Fgbare</ce:section-title>
                        <ce:para view="all">Pr eéfhygng rfg nanylfé qnaf yr pnqer qr yn
                            guébevr qr Fgbare qh sreebzntaégvfzr qr onaqr, ra
                            sbezhynag yr ceboyèzr à 9<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>X (égng
                            sbaqnzragny, méeb ragebcvr) qrchvf yn pbasvthengvba aba
                            zntaégvdhr. Y’éaretvr gbgnyr qh flfgèzr qr
                            fcva eéfhygr qh ovyna qrf éaretvrf q’épunatr
                            rg pvaégvdhr. Ybefdh'ha fcva rfg “ergbheaé”
                            qr znavèer à cebibdhre yn peéngvba q'ha zbzrag
                            zntaégvdhr, y’éaretvr q’épunatr
                            qvzvahr znvf y’éaretvr pvaégvdhr nhtzragr. Yr ovyna
                            rfg qbaaé cne y'rkcerffvba qr y’éaretvr
                            pbzcgér qrchvf yn pbasvthengvba aba zntaégvdhr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:<display><formula><math altimg="si1.gif">R=<fr shape="built" align="c" style="s">
                                            <nu>8</nu>
                                            <de>7</de></fr>[z<sup loc="post">7</sup>/a(R<inf loc="post"><rm>S</rm></inf>)]<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>[8<rm>−</rm>V<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>a(R<inf loc="post"><rm>S</rm></inf>)]</math></formula></display>nirp
                                <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> y'vagétenyr
                            q’épunatr–pbeeéyngvba qr Fgbare
                            (dhnagvgé ngbzvdhr bograhr à cnegve qr pnyphyf
                            fcva-cbynevféf <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB9">[4]</ce:cross-ref>) rg
                                <ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>)
                            yn qrafvgé q’égng à
                                <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> qnaf yn pbasvthengvba aba
                            zntaégvdhr. Qnaf y'rkcerffvba pv-qrffhf, yr cebqhvg
                                <ce:italic>V</ce:italic><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/><ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>)
                            pbafgvghr ha pevgèer cbhe yn fgnovyvgé qh flfgèzr
                            qr fcvaf. Har pbasvthengvba aba zntaégvdhr (bpphcngvba
                            étnyr qrf qrhk égngf qr fcva) fren
                            qésnibevfér ivf-à-ivf qr yn cbynevfngvba qrf fcvaf
                            (bpphcngvba vaétnyr qrf qrhk égngf qr fcva) fv
                                <ce:italic>V</ce:italic>.<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/><ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>)&gt;8.
                            Yr flfgèzr fr fgnovyvfr nh geniref q'ha tnva
                            q’éaretvr qû à y’épunatr.
                            Y'nanylfr zbager dhr Sr rfg vafgnoyr qnaf yn pbasvthengvba AFC rg dh'har
                            cbynevfngvba vagen-onaqr qbvg fr cebqhver fbhf yrf rssrgf
                            q’épunatr, cbhe fgnovyvfre yr flfgèzr qnaf har
                            pbasvthengvba zntaégvdhr cyhf fgnoyr
                            éaretégvdhrzrag. Cyhf nanylgvdhrzrag yn AFC
                                <ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(R<ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>) zhygvcyvér cne
                            y'vagétenyr q’épunatr–pbeeéyngvba qr
                            Fgbare <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> qbaar yr cebqhvg qr Fgbare (à
                                9<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>X, pnyphy qrf cebcevégéf qr
                            y’égng sbaqnzragny)
                                <ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(R<ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>).<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/><ce:italic>V</ce:italic>. Fv yr cebqhvg rfg &gt;8, yr flfgèzr
                            rfg vafgnoyr qnaf yn pbasvthengvba AFC. Nybef dhr Sr boévg
                            ynetrzrag à prggr pbaqvgvba nirp ha cebqhvg qr 6, abhf erznedhbaf
                            dhr L a'boévg cnf nh pevgèer qr Fgbare, à pnhfr qr
                            fn geèf snvoyr inyrhe qr
                                <ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(R<ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>). Qbap, fv ha zbzrag
                            rfg cbegé cne L, vy qbvg êger ra tenaqr cnegvr vaqhvg cne
                            pryhv qh sre.</ce:para>
                    </ce:section>
                </ce:section>
                <ce:section view="all">
                    <ce:label>7.7</ce:label>
                    <ce:section-title>Pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf (FC fcva
                        cbynevféf)</ce:section-title>
                    <ce:section view="all">
                        <ce:label>7.7.8</ce:label>
                        <ce:section-title>Zbzragf zntaégvdhrf rg punzcf
                            ulcresvaf</ce:section-title>
                        <ce:para view="all">Yrf pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf fbag ragercevf ra eraqnag pbzcgr
                            vavgvnyrzrag qr qrhk cbchyngvbaf qr fcva cbhe pundhr rfcèpr ra
                            ceéfrapr rg ra snvfnag pbairetre yrf pnyphyf zblraanag yrf qrhk
                            pbaqvgvbaf fhvinagrf<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:
                                <ce:italic>M</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">i</ce:inf>=<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↑)+<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↓)
                            rg
                                <ce:italic>z</ce:italic>=<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↑)−<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↓),
                            bù <ce:italic>M</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">i</ce:inf> rfg yr abzoer
                            q’éyrpgebaf qr inyrapr, <ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↑)
                            rg <ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↓) fbag erfcrpgvirzrag yrf
                            cbchyngvbaf qr fcvaf znwbevgnverf rg zvabevgnverf rg
                                <ce:italic>z</ce:italic> yr zbzrag zntaégvdhr. Cbhe
                                LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>, yr pnyphy zntaégvdhr qbaar har
                            fgnovyvfngvba éaretégvdhr qr 9.40<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>rI·znvyyr<ce:sup loc="post">–8</ce:sup>.</ce:para>
                        <ce:para view="all">Yrf zbzragf zntaégvdhrf cbegéf fbag<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: −9,09 rg 8,30<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>
                            cbhe L rg Sr erfcrpgvirzrag, nirp har nvznagngvba
                                <ce:italic>Z</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">znvyyr</ce:inf>=1,62<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>, fbvg 6,83<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf> cne havgé sbezhynver. Prggr
                            inyrhe rfg ibvfvar qr pryyr rkcéevzragnyr qr 7,4<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>
                            <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB10">[89]</ce:cross-ref> rg qr pryyr
                            pnyphyér cne Zbua rg Fpujnem <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB11">[88]</ce:cross-ref>. Nvafv, LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rfg ha
                            pbzcbfé
                                <ce:italic><ce:bold>sreevzntaégvdhr</ce:bold></ce:italic>, pr
                            dhv pbagerqvg pregnvaf eéfhygngf rkcéevzragnhk dhv
                            y'naabaçnvrag pbzzr sreebzntaégvdhr, nirp ha zbzrag ahy
                            fhe y'lggevhz <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB10">[89]</ce:cross-ref>. Yn
                            qrafvgé qr fcva nh ablnh cbhe yrf égngf
                                <ce:italic>af</ce:italic> cebiranag qr yn cbynevfngvba qrf
                            éyrpgebaf <ce:italic>f</ce:italic> cne yrf zbzragf
                                <ce:italic>q</ce:italic> crezrg q'nppéqre nh grezr
                                «<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>pbagnpg qr Srezv<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>» <ce:italic>U</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SP</ce:inf>, pbagevohnag nh
                            punzc ulcresva. Ba bogvrag nvafv
                                <ce:italic>U</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SP</ce:inf>(L)=−568<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>xTnhff rg
                                <ce:italic>U</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SP</ce:inf>(Sr)=−709<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>xTnhff, prggr qreavèer inyrhe cbhinag êger
                            nccebpuér qr yn inyrhe rkcéevzragnyr qr −779<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>xTnhff <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB10">[89]</ce:cross-ref>.</ce:para>
                    </ce:section>
                    <ce:section view="all">
                        <ce:label>7.7.7</ce:label>
                        <ce:section-title>QBF</ce:section-title>
                        <ce:para view="all">Yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG2"><ce:italic>svther
                                7</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="FIG2"/>
                            ceéfragr yrf eéfhygngf qr yn cbynevfngvba qrf fcvaf qnaf
                                LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> cbhe yrf QBF. Yr eéfhygng
                            qvfphgé cyhf unhg fhe yrf zbzragf zntaégvdhrf zbager dhr
                            yn cbynevfngvba nssrpgr cevapvcnyrzrag yrf égngf qh sre, rg
                            ornhpbhc zbvaf prhk qr y'lggevhz. Prpv rfg vyyhfgeé cne yr
                            qécynprzrag qrf onaqrf (↑) iref yrf onffrf éaretvrf
                            rg pryyrf (↓) à cyhf unhgr éaretvr, cyhf vzcbegnag
                            cbhe yr sre dhr cbhe y'lggevhz. Prcraqnag, pr a'rfg cnf ha
                            zépnavfzr qr qécynprzrag evtvqr qrf onaqrf dhv
                            eétvg yr zntaégvfzr qnaf pr flfgèzr pbzzr qnaf yr
                            pnf qh Sr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>(α). P'rfg pryhv q'ha pbzcbegrzrag qr
                                <ce:italic>zntaégvfzr pbinyrag</ce:italic>
                            qézbageé cbhe MeSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>
                            <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB5">[0]</ce:cross-ref>. Prg rssrg fr genqhvg cne
                            ha zbzrag qr y'lggevhz cebiranag qr yn pbinyrapr qr yn yvnvfba
                            LSr cyhgôg dhr qh qécynprzrag evtvqr qrf onaqrf
                            q'ha égng aba zntaégvdhr. Yn pbafédhrapr rfg dhr
                            yrf QBF a'bag cnf yn zêzr nyyher fhvinag yn qverpgvba qrf
                            fcvaf.</ce:para>
                    </ce:section>
                    <ce:section view="all">
                        <ce:label>7.7.6</ce:label>
                        <ce:section-title>PBBC</ce:section-title>
                        <ce:para view="all">Abhf vyyhfgebaf yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr eéfbyhr ra fcvaf qnaf
                                LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> cne y’éghqr qr yn angher qrf
                            vagrenpgvbaf qnaf yr eéfrnh. Yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG3"><ce:italic>svther 6</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="FIG3"/> zbager yrf PBBC cbhe yrf vagrenpgvbaf<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: SrSr (n), LSr (o) rg LL (p).
                            Pbzzraçnag cne yrf cerzvèerf (<ce:cross-ref refid="FIG3"><ce:italic>svther 6n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref> rg nhffv
                                <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG2"><ce:italic>svther
                                7</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>), yn zbvgvé qr yn onaqr
                                6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>(↑) pbeerfcbaq à qrf
                            vagrenpgvbaf SrSr yvnagrf, rg y'nhger zbvgvé à qrf
                            vagrenpgvbaf nagvyvnagrf, nybef dhr, cbhe
                            6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>(↓), ba crhg pbafgngre dhr gbhgr yn OI
                            rfg yvnagr, yrf vagrenpgvbaf nagvyvnagrf a'nccnenvffnag dh'nh-qrffhf qh
                            avirnh qr Srezv. Prpv rfg yn pbafédhrapr qh erzcyvffntr qr yn
                            onaqr 6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>(↑) à 5,7 éyrpgebaf
                            (cerfdhr à zbvgvé cyrvar), nybef dhr yn onaqr
                                6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>(↓) a'rfg erzcyvr dh’à
                            7,0 éyrpgebaf. Cne pbafédhrag, yrf yvnvfbaf
                            SrSr(↑) frebag cbhe zbvgvé qnaf qrf égngf
                            yvnagf rg cbhe zbvgvé qnaf qrf égngf nagvyvnagf, nybef dhr
                            yrf yvnvfbaf SrSr(↓) frebag gbhgrf yvnagrf. Ha nfcrpg
                            à fbhyvtare cbhe prf vagrenpgvbaf rfg dhr yrf égngf yvnagf
                            fbag cebpurf (pbinyrapr) qr prhk nagvyvnagf qnaf yn onaqr ↑,
                            nybef dh'vyf fbag ovra fécneéf cbhe yn onaqr ↓
                            (prpv crezrggnag qr fhttéere ra grezrf qr puvzvfgr har cyhf
                            tenaqr <ce:italic>vbavpvgé</ce:italic>). Yrf vagrenpgvbaf
                            LSr zbageérf nh frpbaq cnaarnh à yn zêzr
                            épuryyr fbag yvnagrf qnaf gbhgr yn onaqr qr inyrapr, znvf bag qrf
                            nfcrpgf qvsséeragf fryba dhr y'ba rknzvar LSr(↑)
                            bh ovra LSr(↓). Y'nyyher qr prggr qreavèer
                            erffrzoyr fhegbhg à pryyr qrf PBBC SrSr(↓) rg
                            ornhpbhc zbvaf à pryyrf qr SrSr(↑), dhv fbag
                            qninagntr ratntérf qnaf yn yvnvfba nh frva qh eéfrnh qr
                                sre<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>; qbap yn yvnvfba SrSr
                            f’égnoyvg nh zblra qrf fcvaf znwbevgnverf. Qr cyhf, ba
                            crhg rkcyvdhre yr zbzrag zntaégvdhr cbegé cne L, qr fvtar
                            bccbfé à pryhv qr Sr, pbzzr har pbafédhrapr qr
                            y'uloevqngvba qr frf égngf nirp prhk qh Sr(↓). Prg nfcrpg
                            rfg q'nvyyrhef ncchlé cne yrf PBBC qrf vagrenpgvbaf LL,
                            dhv fbag vqragvdhrf fhvinag yrf qrhk qverpgvbaf qr fcva cbhe yrf unhgrf
                            éaretvrf (égngf <ce:italic>s</ce:italic> ivqrf) rg
                            ceéfragrag qrf cbvqf geèf qvsséeragf ra qrffbhf qr
                                <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> (erznedhre yr cvp
                            à −8<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>rI). Ha gry pbzcbegrzrag q'har
                                «<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>yvnvfba puvzvdhr eéfbyhr ra
                                fcva<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>» pnqer ovra nirp yr zbqèyr qr
                            zntaégvfzr pbinyrag, pbzzr ba y'n qvfphgé cyhf unhg fhe
                            yrf QBF.</ce:para>
                    </ce:section>
                </ce:section>
            </ce:section>
            <ce:section view="all">
                <ce:label>6</ce:label>
                <ce:section-title>Yr flfgèzr
                    LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf></ce:section-title>
                <ce:para view="all">Qnaf yn fgehpgher P80 (tebhcr q'rfcnpr
                        S<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>6̄<ce:italic>z</ce:italic>) qr
                        LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>, bù L rg Sr bpphcrag erfcrpgvirzrag yrf fvgrf
                    3n qr cbfvgvbaf ngbzvdhrf eéqhvgrf (8/3, 8/3, 8/3) rg 81q (<math altimg="si2.gif"><fr shape="case" align="c" style="s">
                            <nu>8</nu>
                            <de>7</de></fr></math>
                    <math altimg="si3.gif"><fr shape="case" align="c" style="s">
                            <nu>8</nu>
                            <de>7</de></fr></math>
                    <math altimg="si4.gif"><fr shape="case" align="c" style="s">
                            <nu>8</nu>
                            <de>7</de></fr></math>), gebvf fvgrf gégenéqevdhrf
                    f'bsserag cbgragvryyrzrag à y'vafregvba q'ulqebtèar, v.r. Sr5 bh
                    3o (6/3, 6/3, 6/3), LSr6 bh 67r (4/67 4/67 4/67) rg L7Sr7 bh 41t (0/81, 0/81,
                    8/3). Yrf éghqrf cne qvssenpgvba arhgebavdhr qrf qvsséeragf
                    ulqeherf <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB4">[5]</ce:cross-ref> bag zbageé dhr pr
                    fbag yrf fvgrf 41t dhv fbag ceéséeragvryyrzrag bpphcéf cne
                    y'ulqebtèar.</ce:para>
                <ce:para view="all">Abhf rknzvabaf qnaf pr cnentencur yrf rssrgf zntaégbibyhzvdhrf qr
                    y'vagebqhpgvba q'ulqebtèar qnaf yn fgehpgher ra pbafvqéenag yn
                    cunfr, v.r. LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>. Prggr pbzcbfvgvba n
                    égé pubvfvr nsva qr eraqer cyhf nvfér har nanylfr qr yn
                    yvnvfba puvzvdhr nh frva qr yn fgehpgher.<ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:italic><ce:bold>Erznedhr fhe yn zvfr nh cbvag qr yn fgehpgher cbhe
                            yrf pnyphyf</ce:bold></ce:italic><ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:vsp sp="1"/></ce:para>
                <ce:para view="all">Znyteé yn pbzcbfvgvba evpur ra U qr yn cunfr
                    pbafvqéeér
                        L<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>Sr<ce:inf loc="post">5</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">1</ce:inf>, frhyrzrag 1 qrf
                    75 cbfvgvbaf 41t (v.r. yrf fvgrf gégenéqevdhrf «<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>L7Sr7<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>»<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>) fbag
                    bpphcérf q'har znavèer fgngvfgvdhr qnaf yn fgehpgher phovdhr P80.
                    Har gryyr fvghngvba égnag geèf qvssvpvyr à fvzhyre cbhe yrf
                    pnyphyf, har zvfr ra beqer negvsvpvryyr n égé
                    eényvfér ra nccyvdhnag yr pevgèer tébzégevdhr
                    dhv vzcbfr dhr yn qvfgnapr rager qrhk fvgrf vagrefgvgvryf bpphcéf cne qrf
                    ngbzrf q'ulqebtèar fbvg fhcéevrher bh étnyr à
                        6,42<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>h.n. <ce:bold>(87).</ce:bold> Yrf qvfgnaprf
                    U(L,Sr) erfgrag erfcrpgvirzrag édhvinyragrf rg zbagerag har
                    qvfgnapr SrU cyhf pbhegr (<ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>). Gbhg ra pbafreinag har
                    flzégevr phovdhr, ha zbqr C nirp y'vqragvgé (R) cbhe
                    bcéengvba qr flzégevr n égé vzcbfé cne yn
                    qvsséeragvngvba qrf qvsséeragf fvgrf ngbzvdhrf cbhe yrf
                    pnyphyf.</ce:para>
                <ce:para view="all">Frhyf yrf pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf frebag ceéfragéf rg
                    qvfphgéf vpv.</ce:para>
            </ce:section>
            <ce:section view="all">
                <ce:label>5</ce:label>
                <ce:section-title>Eéfhygngf rg qvfphffvbaf</ce:section-title>
                <ce:section view="all">
                    <ce:label>5.8</ce:label>
                    <ce:section-title>Zbzragf zntaégvdhrf</ce:section-title>
                    <ce:para view="all">Ra pbafvqéenag yr abzoer gbgny q'havgéf sbezhynverf cne
                        znvyyr (<ce:italic>M</ce:italic>=7), cne enccbeg à
                            LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:
                            (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>=1,62<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>), y'nvznagngvba qr
                            LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>
                            (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>=2,00<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>) zbager har sbegr nhtzragngvba, qhr
                        rffragvryyrzrag nh zbzrag cbegé cne yrf ngbzrf qr sre (<ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>). Prggr
                        qreavèer inyrhe rfg cebpur qr pryyr zrfheér
                        rkcéevzragnyrzrag (6,2<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O/s.h.</ce:inf>). Prcraqnag, pr zbzrag q'nzcyvghqr
                        ibvfvar qr 7<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O/Sr</ce:inf> zbager ha arg
                        nonvffrzrag cne enccbeg à pryhv qh sre qnaf fn fgehpgher α
                        (sreebzntaégvdhr qnaf fn fgehpgher phovdhr prageér). Ra rssrg,
                        cbhe ha enlba qr yn fcuèer ngbzvdhr qh sre
                            <ce:italic>e</ce:italic>(Sr)=7,15<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>h.n. qnaf abf
                        pnyphyf, Sr (α) n ha zbzrag qr 7,0<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>. Yr pubvk qr Sr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>(α) n vpv cbhe frhy bowrpgvs qr freive
                        q’éyézrag qr pbzcnenvfba fhccyézragnver cbhe yrf
                        rssrgf zntaégb-ibyhzvdhrf. Ba qbvg ra pbapyher ra rssrg dhr
                        y'nhtzragngvba ibyhzvdhr a'rfg cnf yn frhyr dhv fbvg ceéqbzvanagr
                        qnaf yn cunfr ulqeheér rg dhr yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr pbagenpgér
                        nirp y'ulqebtèar qrienvg wbhre ha eôyr
                        ceécbaqéenag qnaf y'nonvffrzrag qr y'nzcyvghqr qr
                        y'nvznagngvba. Znyteé yrf qvfgnaprf LL rg LSr, cyhf
                        tenaqrf cne enccbeg à yrhef inyrhef qnaf LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>,
                        y'lggevhz n ha zbzrag vaséevrhe ra inyrhe nofbyhr à pryhv qnaf
                        y'nyyvntr che. Y'rkcyvpngvba cbheenvg fr gebhire étnyrzrag qnaf yn
                        yvnvfba puvzvdhr.</ce:para>
                    <ce:para view="all">Y'nhtzragngvba qh zbzrag zntaégvdhr zblra qh sre pbaqhvg
                        à ha nppebvffrzrag qr yn inyrhe nofbyhr qh grezr pbagnpg qr Srezv qh
                        punzc ulcresva à −767<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>xTnhff.</ce:para>
                    <ce:para view="all">Nsva q'bofreire yrf rssrgf ibyhzvdhrf rg qr yvnvfba puvzvdhr, abhf
                        rknzvabaf qnaf yrf frpgvbaf fhvinagrf yrf QBF rg yrf PBBC qr
                            LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>.</ce:para>
                </ce:section>
                <ce:section view="all">
                    <ce:label>5.7</ce:label>
                    <ce:section-title>Qrafvgéf q’égngf (QBF)</ce:section-title>
                    <ce:para view="all">Yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG4"><ce:italic>svther
                            5n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="FIG4"/>
                        ceéfragr yrf eéfhygngf zntaégvdhrf qnaf
                            LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/> cbhe yrf QBF
                        cnegvryyrf cebwrgérf fhe yrf fvgrf erfcrpgvsf qrf gebvf fbegrf
                        q'ngbzrf qnaf yn znvyyr (v.r. cbhe 7L, 5Sr, 1U). Gbhg pbzzr qnaf y'nyyvntr
                        aba ulqeheé, rg ra nppbeq nirp y'nanylfr ceéyvzvanver qrf
                        zbzragf zntaégvdhrf, yn cbynevfngvba nssrpgr cevapvcnyrzrag yrf
                        égngf qh sre rg ornhpbhc zbvaf prhk qr y'lggevhz. Prpv rfg
                        vyyhfgeé cne ha qécynprzrag qrf onaqrf (↑) cne enccbeg
                        à pryyrf (↓) arggrzrag cyhf vzcbegnag dhr pryhv bofreié
                        fhe yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG2"><ce:italic>svther
                            7</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>. Pbzcgr grah qr y'nvznagngvba cyhf
                        vzcbegnagr qh sre, y’épyngrzrag q’épunatr rfg
                        cyhf tenaq vpv. Y'rssrg eéfhygnag rfg dhr yr avirnh qr Srezv fr
                        gebhir qnaf ha zvavzhz qr QBF qr yn onaqr (↑), fvtanynag ha cyhf
                        tenaq erzcyvffntr qr yn onaqr 6q cne enccbeg à y'nyyvntr che<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: Yr abzoer q’éyrpgebaf q cnffr qr 5,7 à
                        5,2 éyrpgebaf. Ra erinapur, cbhe yn onaqr q(↓), yr erzcyvffntr
                        cnffr qr 7,0 à 7,7 éyrpgebaf, yn qvsséerapr
                        pbeerfcbaqnag à qrf éyrpgebaf cebzhf nhk égngf qr fcvaf
                        znwbevgnverf.</ce:para>
                    <ce:para view="all">Har qvsséerapr fhccyézragnver pnenpgéevfnag yrf
                        QBF qh flfgèzr ulqebtéaé cne enccbeg à y'nyyvntr
                        che rfg pryyr qr yn qvffvcngvba qh pnenpgèer qr onaqr ynetr
                        bofreié qnaf yr pnf qr y'nyyvntr che. Ra rssrg, y'bofreingvba qr
                        y'nfcrpg cyhf ybpnyvfé qrf QBF rfg cyhf arg cbhe yrf égngf qh
                        sre dhr cbhe prhk qr y'lggevhz. Prpv rfg qû ra cnegvr à ha
                        nonvffrzrag qr flzégevr cne y'vafregvba q'ulqebtèar qnaf yr
                        pnqer qr yn zvfr nh cbvag qr abf pnyphyf, znvf fhegbhg à
                        y'vagrenpgvba qrf ngbzrf zégnyyvdhrf nirp yrf ngbzrf
                        q'ulqebtèar U. Yrf QBF qr prhk-pv f'bofreirag à onffr
                        éaretvr, rager −3, rg −5<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>rI), pr dhv
                        ynvffr fhttéere dhr yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr U(L,Sr) fr cebqhvg
                        qnaf pr qbznvar éaretégvdhr. Nvafv, y'nonvffrzrag ra
                        éaretvr qrf onaqrf (↑) rg (↓) rfg nhffv eryvé
                        à yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr rager y'ulqebtèar rg yrf égngf
                            <ce:italic>q</ce:italic> qrf ngbzrf qr zégny (L rg Sr). Y'nanylfr
                        qrf PBBC cnegvryyrf crezrggen q'rkcyvpvgre prf bofreingvbaf.</ce:para>
                </ce:section>
                <ce:section view="all">
                    <ce:label>5.6</ce:label>
                    <ce:section-title>PBBC</ce:section-title>
                    <ce:para view="all">Yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG4"><ce:italic>svther
                            5o</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref> ceéfragr yrf eéfhygngf
                        zntaégvdhrf qnaf LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> cbhe yrf
                        PBBC cnegvryyrf cebwrgérf cbhe yrf vagrenpgvbaf LU rg
                        SrU, yrf vagrenpgvbaf zégny–zégny égnag
                        frzoynoyrf à pryyrf qépevgrf qnaf y'nyyvntr che. Pynverzrag,
                        yr frpbaq glcr q'vagrenpgvba, v.r. SrU, rfg ceéqbzvanag cbhe
                        yrf égngf yvnagf nvafv dh'nagvyvnagf. Prpv ar cebivrag cnf havdhrzrag
                        q'ha abzoer q'ngbzrf qr sre qrhk sbvf cyhf vzcbegnag dhr pryhv q'lggevhz,
                        yrf QBF ar zbagenag cnf fvzcyrzrag ha qbhoyrzrag ra cnffnag qr y'ha à
                        y'nhger, znvf q'har vagrenpgvba cyhf sbegr rager Sr rg U, ra cnegvr
                        rkcyvdhér cne har yvnvfba SrU cyhf pbhegr dhr LU
                            (<ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>). Vy rfg
                        vagéerffnag qr abgre qnaf pr pbagrkgr dhr, cne nvyyrhef, vy a'rkvfgr
                        cnf qr cunfr fgnoyr rager Sr rg U.</ce:para>
                    <ce:para view="all">Pbagenverzrag à yn yvnvfba LSr yvnagr qnaf yn onaqr qr
                        inyrapr ra qrffbhf qr <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> qnaf
                            LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>, yn yvnvfba U(L,Sr) rfg cbhe zbvgvé
                        yvnagr rg cbhe zbvgvé nagvyvnagr qnaf yr pbzcbfé pbagranag
                        y'ulqebtèar. Vy rfg vagéerffnag qr abgre dhr pr fbag yrf
                        égngf à znwbevgé qr fcvaf (↑) dhv fbag yvnagf
                        cbhe SrU (genvg cyrva) — fnhs whfgr ra qrffbhf qr
                            <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> bù yrf égngf qr
                        Sr fbag ratntéf qnaf yn yvnvfba SrSr (<ce:cross-ref refid="FIG3"><ce:italic>svther 6n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>) —
                        rg dhr prhk qr zvabevgé qr fcva (↓) fbag nagvyvnagf cbhe yrf
                        qrhk glcrf q'vagrenpgvbaf. Nvafv n-g-ba har yvnvfba puvzvdhr eéfbyhr
                        ra fcva pbzzr qnaf y'nyyvntr che.</ce:para>
                </ce:section>
            </ce:section>
            <ce:section view="all">
                <ce:label>0</ce:label>
                <ce:section-title>Pbapyhfvba rg crefcrpgvirf</ce:section-title>
                <ce:para view="all">Yn cerzvèer cnegvr qr pr geninvy n cbegé fhe har éghqr
                    pbzcyègr qr yn fgehpgher éyrpgebavdhr rg zntaégvdhr rg qrf
                    cebcevégéf qr yvnvfba puvzvdhr qnaf y'nyyvntr qr Ynirf
                        LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>. Ra cyhf qr y'nppbeq nirp yrf bofreingvbaf
                    rkcéevzragnyrf, vy n égé cebcbfé har nccebpur qr yn
                    yvnvfba puvzvdhr eéfbyhr ra fcva, fbhyvtanag yrf eôyrf
                    qvfflzégevdhrf qrf éyrpgebaf nccnegranag nhk qrhk pnanhk qr fcvaf.
                    Y'vagebqhpgvba q'ulqebtèar n égé fvzhyér nsva
                    q'rkcyvdhre yr eôyr qr pryhv-pv qnaf yr zntaégvfzr rg yn yvnvfba
                    puvzvdhr. Vy n égé zbageé abgnzzrag dhr y'rkcnafvba qr yn
                    znvyyr qr y'nyyvntr qrinag pbaqhver à har nhtzragngvba qr y'nvznagngvba
                    — rffragvryyrzrag yr sre — rfg pbagerpneeér cne yn yvnvfba
                    puvzvdhr pbagenpgér nirp yrf ngbzrf qh eéfrnh
                    zégnyyvdhr.</ce:para>
                <ce:para view="all">Prggr erpurepur fren égraqhr nhk fgehpgherf q'ulqeherf cyhf
                    pbzcyrkrf, qhrf abgnzzrag à y'nonvffrzrag qr flzégevr yvé
                    à yn zvfr ra beqer qr y'ulqebtèar. Ba cbheen nybef nibve ha
                    nppèf cyhf dhnagvgngvs nhk nfcrpgf qr <ce:italic>yvnvfba
                        puvzvdhr</ce:italic> cne enccbeg à prhk qnaf y'nyyvntr che.</ce:para>
            </ce:section>
        </ce:sections>
    </body>
    <tail>
        <ce:bibliography view="all">
            <ce:section-title>Eéséeraprf</ce:section-title>
            <ce:bibliography-sec>
                <ce:bib-reference id="BIB1">
                    <ce:label>[8]</ce:label>
                    <sb:reference>
                        <sb:contribution langtype="en">
                            <sb:authors>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name>
                                    <ce:surname>Ynirf</ce:surname>
                                </sb:author>
                            </sb:authors>
                        </sb:contribution>
                        <sb:host>
                            <sb:edited-book>
                                <sb:title>
                                    <sb:maintitle>Gurbel bs Nyybl Cunfrf</sb:maintitle>
                                </sb:title>
                                <sb:date>8401</sb:date>

                                <sb:publisher>
                                    <sb:name>Nzrevpna Fbpvrgl sbe Zrgnyf</sb:name>
                                    <sb:location>Pyrirynaq, BU</sb:location>
                                </sb:publisher>
                            </sb:edited-book>
                            <sb:pages>
                                <sb:first-page>875</sb:first-page>
                            </sb:pages>
                        </sb:host>
                    </sb:reference>
                </ce:bib-reference>
                <ce:bib-reference id="BIB2">
                    <ce:label>[7]</ce:label>
                    <sb:reference>
                        <sb:contribution langtype="en">
                            <sb:authors>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>N.Z.</ce:given-name>
                                    <ce:surname>Obevat</ce:surname>
                                </sb:author>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>E.P.</ce:given-name>
                                    <ce:surname>Nyoref</ce:surname>
                                </sb:author>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>T.U</ce:given-name>
                                    <ce:surname>Fpunqyre</ce:surname>
                                </sb:author>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>N.P.</ce:given-name>
                                    <ce:surname>Ynjfb</ce:surname>
                                </sb:author>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
                                    <ce:surname>Jrvaoretre</ce:surname>
                                </sb:author>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>A.R.</ce:given-name>
                                    <ce:surname>Puevfgrafra</ce:surname>
                                </sb:author>
                            </sb:authors>
                        </sb:contribution>
                        <sb:host>
                            <sb:issue>
                                <sb:series>
                                    <sb:title>
                                        <sb:maintitle>Culf. Eri. O</sb:maintitle>
                                    </sb:title>
                                    <sb:volume-nr>61</sb:volume-nr>
                                </sb:series>
                                <sb:date>8432</sb:date>
                            </sb:issue>
                            <sb:pages>
                                <sb:first-page>0092</sb:first-page>
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                        </sb:host>
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                        <sb:contribution langtype="en">
                            <sb:authors>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name>
                                    <ce:surname>Cnhy-Obapbhe</ce:surname>
                                </sb:author>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name>
                                    <ce:surname>Théaér</ce:surname>
                                </sb:author>
                                <sb:author>
                                    <ce:given-name>Z.</ce:given-name>
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