Macmillan Australia macmillan M Ma Mac Macm BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 The cytosolic the T Th The The BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 RIG-I-like receptor rig-i-like R RI RIG RIG- BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --() 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 pattern-recognition receptors pattern-recognition p pa pat patt BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 recognize viral recognize r re rec reco BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 RLRs (namely, rlrs R RL RLR RLRs BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (,-) 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 induction of induction i in ind indu BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 have been have h ha hav have BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 function of function f fu fun func BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 LGP2 (encoded lgp2 L LG LGP LGP2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (), 3 8 0 0 0 0 1 known. Reporting known. k kn kno know BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ., 2 8 0 0 0 0 1 et al. et e et et et BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .- 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 LGP2 in lgp2 L LG LGP LGP2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 effector functions effector e ef eff effe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 response to response r re res resp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 To examine to T To To To BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 function of function f fu fun func BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 Dhx58 –/– dhx58 D Dh Dhx Dhx5 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –/–, 4 9 0 0 0 0 1 pure C57BL/6 pure p pu pur pure BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /.–/– 5 8 0 0 0 0 1 dendritic cells dendritic d de den dend BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 were infected were w we wer were BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 virus (WNV) virus v vi vir viru BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 () 2 8 0 0 0 0 1 of virus of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 cells, but cells, c ce cel cell BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,- 2 8 0 0 0 0 1 (IFNβ) produced (ifnβ) ( (I (IF (IFN BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ()–/– 5 9 0 0 0 0 1 cells was cells c ce cel cell BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 suggest that suggest s su sug sugg BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 but positive but b bu but but BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 antiviral immune antiviral a an ant anti BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 However, infection however, H Ho How Howe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,–/– 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 with WNV with w wi wit with BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 mortality compared mortality m mo mor mort BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 differences in differences d di dif diff BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 immune responses immune i im imm immu BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 were observed were w we wer were BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –/– 3 8 0 0 0 0 1 wild-type mice. wild-type w wi wil wild BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -., 3 8 0 0 0 0 1 loads were loads l lo loa load BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 Dhx58 –/– dhx58 D Dh Dhx Dhx5 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 –/– 3 9 0 0 0 0 1 infection. Furthermore, infection. i in inf infe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 .,–/– 5 9 0 0 0 0 1 mice had mice m mi mic mice BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 CD8 + cd8 C CD CD8 CD8 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 controls. controls. controls. c co con cont BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 . 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 Given that given G Gi Giv Give BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 have an have h ha hav have BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 WNV-induced pathology wnv-induced W WN WNV WNV- BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 - 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 nervous system, nervous n ne ner nerv BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 , 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 assessed the assessed a as ass asse BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 CD8 + cd8 C CD CD8 CD8 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 required for required r re req requ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 - 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 CD8 + cd8 C CD CD8 CD8 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 ., 2 9 0 0 0 0 1 and number and a an and and BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 producing effector producing p pr pro prod BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 points were points p po poi poin BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 –/– 3 9 0 0 0 0 1 mice compared mice m mi mic mice BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 - 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 type mice. type t ty typ type BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 following infection following f fo fol foll BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 lymphocytic choriomeningitis lymphocytic l ly lym lymp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 But is but B Bu But But BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 survival and survival s su sur surv BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 A N a A A A A BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 LGP2 rigs lgp2 L LG LGP LGP2 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 or extrinsic? or o or or or BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 ?- 2 7 0 0 0 0 1 IFNβ-mediated signalling ifnβ-mediated I IF IFN IFNβ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 was shown was w wa was was BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 Furthermore, following furthermore, F Fu Fur Furt BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 , 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 equal numbers equal e eq equ equa BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 –/–- 4 9 0 0 0 0 1 CD8 + cd8 C CD CD8 CD8 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 - 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 mice and mice m mi mic mice BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 , 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 virus-specific Dhx58 virus-specific v vi vir viru BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 -–/– 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 showed defects showed s sh sho show BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 function, indicating function, f fu fun func BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 in a in i in in in BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 -., 3 10 0 0 0 0 1 was shown was w wa was was BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 by regulating by b by by by BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 cells to cells c ce cel cell BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 during virus during d du dur duri BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 of CD95 of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 . 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 So, LGP2 so, S So So, So, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 , 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 through the through t th thr thro BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 - 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 of CD8 of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 function. function. function. f fu fun func BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 . 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 Olive Leavy olive O Ol Oli Oliv BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH original O OR ORI ORIG BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 ,... 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 The RIG-I-like the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 -- 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 survival and survival s su sur surv BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 (doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.07.004) (doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.07.004) (doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.07.004) ( (d (do (doi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 9 (:./....) 9 6 0 0 0 0 1 FURTHER READING further F FU FUR FURT BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 ,..,.. 6 8 0 0 0 0 1 Nucleic acid nucleic N Nu Nuc Nucl BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 innate and innate i in inn inna BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 Nature Rev. nature N Na Nat Natu BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 ..,–() 6 7 0 0 0 0 1 LGP2 is lgp2 L LG LGP LGP2 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 required for required r re req requ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 the survival the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 virus-specific virus-specific virus-specific v vi vir viru BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 CD8 + cd8 C CD CD8 CD8 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 R E r R R R R BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 NATURE REVIEWS nature N NA NAT NATU BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 VOLUME 12 volume V VO VOL VOLU BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 © 2012 © © © © © BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1