JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
ournal of ournal o ou our ourn BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
An IOP an A An An An BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
J J j J J J J BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
the Universe the t th the the BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
Krzysztof Bolejko krzysztof K Kr Krz Krzy BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ,, 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 School 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ,,, 3 8 0 0 0 0 1
2 Nicolaus 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ,,-, 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
Poland Poland poland P Po Pol Pola BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
3 Department 3 3 3 3 3 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ,,,, 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
USA USA usa U US USA USA BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
4 Albert 4 4 4 4 4 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ,,-, 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
E-mail: bolejko@camk.edu.pl e-mail: E E- E-m E-ma BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -:.... 6 7 0 0 0 0 1
Received 25 received R Re Rec Rece BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
Accepted 8 accepted A Ac Acc Acce BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
Published 3 published P Pu Pub Publ BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
Online at online O On Onl Onli BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 ..//// 6 10 0 0 0 0 1
doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2008/10/003 doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2008/10/003 doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2008/10/003 d do doi doi: BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 :./-/// 7 10 0 0 0 0 1
Abstract. In abstract. A Ab Abs Abst BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
deceleration parameter deceleration d de dec dece BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
deceleration parameter deceleration d de dec dece BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
motivated by motivated m mo mot moti BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
having Λ having h ha hav havi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
possibility that possibility p po pos poss BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
alternative explanation alternative a al alt alte BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 . 1 6 0 0 0 0 1
We have we W We We We BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 –. 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
which are which w wh whi whic BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
q vol q q q q q BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
q vol q q q q q BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
relating the relating r re rel rela BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 . 1 6 0 0 0 0 1
Keywords: dark keywords: K Ke Key Keyw BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 :,, 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
experiments, superclusters experiments, e ex exp expe BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 , 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
ArXiv ePrint: arxiv A Ar ArX ArXi BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 :. 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
c c c c c c c BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2008 IOP 2008 2 20 200 2008 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
1475-7516/08/10003+15$30.00 1475-7516/08/10003+15$30.00 1475-7516/08/10003+15$30.00 1 14 147 1475 BLOCKEND PAGEEND SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 11 -//$. 5 8 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 1 0
Contents Contents contents C Co Con Cont BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
1. Introduction 1. 1 1. 1. 1. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
2. The 2. 2 2. 2. 2. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
3. The 3. 3 3. 3. 3. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .– 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
4. The 4. 4 4. 4. 4. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
5. Connection 5. 5 5. 5. 5. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
6. Conclusions 6. 6 6. 6. 6. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Acknowledgments Acknowledgments acknowledgments A Ac Ack Ackn BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
11 11 11 1 11 11 11 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Appendix. Model appendix. A Ap App Appe BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
11 11 11 1 11 11 11 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
References References references R Re Ref Refe BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
14 14 14 1 14 14 14 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
1. Introduction 1. 1 1. 1. 1. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
Accelerated expansion, accelerated A Ac Acc Acce BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ,, 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
element of element e el ele elem BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
expansion was expansion e ex exp expa BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [] 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
many other many m ma man many BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ., 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
cosmology, analyzed cosmology, c co cos cosm BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 , 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
isotropic Friedmann isotropic i is iso isot BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 []., 4 8 0 0 0 0 1
provides a provides p pr pro prov BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ., 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
Ehlers–Geren–Sachs theorem ehlers–geren–sachs E Eh Ehl Ehle BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ––[]''[], 9 9 0 0 0 0 1
that an that t th tha that BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
the other the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
drives the drives d dr dri driv BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 4 0 0 0 0 1
However, the however, H Ho How Howe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 , 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
observations. Anti-Copernican observations. o ob obs obse BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 .- 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
local Gpc local l lo loc loca BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 []([])., 8 10 0 0 0 0 1
on small on o on on on BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ., 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
ask whether ask a as ask ask BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ., 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
is important is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
inhomogeneous Universe. inhomogeneous i in inh inho BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 .,, 3 8 0 0 0 0 1
by Ellis by b by by by BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 []., 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
a homogeneous a a a a a BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
the real the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
an inhomogeneous an a an an an BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -,- 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
of the of o of of of BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 .,,- 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
5 These 5 5 5 5 5 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
fundamental observers fundamental f fu fun fund BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 ., 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
shown in shown s sh sho show BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 []–. 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
rarely taken rarely r ra rar rare BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
Newtonian mechanics newtonian N Ne New Newt BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ( 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
perturbations of perturbations p pe per pert BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 )[]. 4 8 0 0 0 0 1
is often is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 '-' 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
accurately described accurately a ac acc accu BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
background, even background, b ba bac back BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ,/.-[,]. 8 9 0 0 0 0 1
However, the however, H Ho How Howe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ,[], 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
and Matarrese and a an and and BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 []'-'., 7 9 0 0 0 0 1
one should one o on one one BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 - 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
effects caused effects e ef eff effe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
observed accelerated observed o ob obs obse BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 []. 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
of the of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .- 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
Einstein equations, einstein E Ei Ein Eins BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
distribution leads distribution d di dis dist BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
an inhomogeneous an a an an an BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ( 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
when averaged when w wh whe when BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ). 2 7 0 0 0 0 1
Neither the neither N Ne Nei Neit BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
evolution of evolution e ev evo evol BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
the level the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
several different several s se sev seve BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
approach is approach a ap app appr BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 []. 3 8 0 0 0 0 1
approach is approach a ap app appr BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 1 3 0 0 0 0 1
In the in I In In In BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -, 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
equations for equations e eq equ equa BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
quantities is quantities q qu qua quan BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
leads to leads l le lea lead BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 []. 3 8 0 0 0 0 1
Friedmann equations friedmann F Fr Fri Frie BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 --, 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
if inhomogeneities if i if if if BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .- 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
scheme the scheme s sc sch sche BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 [,]. 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
symmetric inhomogeneous symmetric s sy sym symm BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 [],[], 6 8 0 0 0 0 1
Kai et kai K Ka Kai Kai BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 [],[], 6 9 0 0 0 0 1
values of values v va val valu BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
was presented was w wa was was BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 [,] 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
parameter of parameter p pa par para BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
There are there T Th The Ther BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
The average the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
slicing. This slicing. s sl sli slic BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
the Universe the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ., 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
is not is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
t is t t t t t BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
t−t B t−t t t− t−t t−t BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 −[]., 5 9 0 0 0 0 1
the average the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ( 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
is measured is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ; 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
homogeneous model). homogeneous h ho hom homo BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ).[], 5 8 0 0 0 0 1
used in used u us use used BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
introduces some introduces i in int intr BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
averaged quantities averaged a av ave aver BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
with observations with w wi wit with BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 []., 4 8 0 0 0 0 1
Wiltshire's approach, wiltshire's W Wi Wil Wilt BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 ', 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
energy to energy e en ene ener BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 1 4 0 0 0 0 1
The averaging the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
one can one o on one one BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 -[]. 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
averaging schemes averaging a av ave aver BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 ,,, 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
ambiguities (and ambiguities a am amb ambi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 ();..[]. 8 9 0 0 0 0 1
is that is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
of the of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
observations. In observations. o ob obs obse BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 ., 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
discussions of discussions d di dis disc BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 ., 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
exact and exact e ex exa exac BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
quantity can quantity q qu qua quan BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
paper aims paper p pa pap pape BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 –. 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
The structure the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 .' 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
in section in i in in in BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 ,–. 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
The volume the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 ., 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
in section in i in in in BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 ,, 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
observations and observations o ob obs obse BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 1 4 0 0 0 0 1
2. The 2. 2 2. 2. 2. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
If the if I If If If BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 , 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
pressureless matter pressureless p pr pre pres BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 []: 3 6 0 0 0 0 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
a a a a a a a BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
a a a a a a a BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
= −4πGρ = = = = = BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 −, 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
(1) (1) (1) ( (1 (1) (1) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 () 2 3 0 0 0 0 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
a 2 a a a a a BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
a 2 a a a a a BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
R − r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
Q, Q, q, Q Q, Q, Q, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 , 1 7 0 0 0 0 1
(2) (2) (2) ( (2 (2) (2) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Q ≡ q Q Q Q Q BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
Θ 2 θ Θ Θ Θ Θ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 −−, 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
(3) (3) (3) ( (3 (3) (3) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
where R where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 (),, 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
is the is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 ,: 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
A = a A A A A BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 ( 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
d 3 d d d d d BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
√ −h) √ √ √ √ √ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 −)− 3 1 0 0 0 0 1
d 3 d d d d d BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
√ −hA. √ √ √ √ √ BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 −.: 3 5 0 0 0 0 1
a = a a a a a BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 (/)/, 5 10 0 0 0 0 1
(4) (4) (4) ( (4 (4) (4) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
where V where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 . 1 3 0 0 0 0 1
Equations (1) equations E Eq Equ Equa BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 ()(),, 6 9 0 0 0 0 1
ρ and ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 ., 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
model that model m mo mod mode BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 []. 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
not form not n no not not BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
assumptions [16]. assumptions a as ass assu BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 [].(),, 7 9 0 0 0 0 1
be large be b be be be BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
constant. constant. constant. c co con cons BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
3. The 3. 3 3. 3. 3. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .– 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
The LemaˆıtreLemaˆıtre–Tolman the T Th The The BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 –[], 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
irrotational solution irrotational i ir irr irro BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .: 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
ds 2 ds d ds ds ds BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 − 1 7 0 0 0 0 1
R 2 r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 (,) 3 4 0 0 0 0 1
1 + 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 () 2 4 0 0 0 0 1
dr 2 dr d dr dr dr BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 −(,), 5 10 0 0 0 0 1
(5) (5) (5) ( (5 (5) (5) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 () 2 1 0 0 0 0 1
where dΩ where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 .(,−,−,−),() 12 10 0 0 0 0 1
must obey must m mu mus must BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 ()−/.. 6 5 0 0 0 0 1
The Einstein the T Th The The BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 ,,: 3 7 0 0 0 0 1
κρ(r, t)c κρ(r, κ κρ κρ( κρ(r BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 (,) 3 7 0 0 0 0 1
2M (r) 2m 2 2M 2M 2M BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 () 2 3 0 0 0 0 1
R 2 r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 (,)(,) 6 10 0 0 0 0 1
, , , , , , , BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
(6) (6) (6) ( (6 (6) (6) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
c 2 c c c c c BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
R 2 r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 (,)() 5 10 0 0 0 0 1
2M(r) 2M(r) 2m(r) 2 2M 2M( 2M(r BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
R(r, t) r(r, R R( R(r R(r, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 (,) 3 3 0 0 0 0 1
, , , , , , , BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 , 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
(7) (7) (7) ( (7 (7) (7) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 () 2 1 0 0 0 0 1
where M(r) where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 ()/.. 5 8 0 0 0 0 1
When R when W Wh Whe When BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 ,. 2 7 0 0 0 0 1
crossings. This crossings. c cr cro cros BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 .,. 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
By setting by B By By By BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
(see [31] (see ( (s (se (see BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 ([]). 5 3 0 0 0 0 1
Equation (7) equation E Eq Equ Equa BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 (): 3 5 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
d ˜ d d d d d BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
2E + 2e 2 2E 2E 2E BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 (/ 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
R) R) r) R R) R) R) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 ) 1 2 0 0 0 0 1
= c = = = = = BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 [−()], 6 10 0 0 0 0 1
(8) (8) (8) ( (8 (8) (8) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
where t where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
that the that t th tha that BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 , 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
times at times t ti tim time BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 . 1 5 0 0 0 0 1
The scalar the T Th The The BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
Θ = θ Θ Θ Θ Θ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R + r R R R R BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
. . . . . . . BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 . 1 5 0 0 0 0 1
(9) (9) (9) ( (9 (9) (9) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
The shear the T Th The The BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 : 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
σ α σ σ σ σ σ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
R − r R R R R BLOCKEND PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
diag(0, 2, diag(0, d di dia diag BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 (,,−,−), 8 10 0 0 0 0 1
(10) (10) (10) ( (1 (10 (10) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
and thus and a an and and BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 (/)(/)( 7 5 0 0 0 0 1
R /R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 /− 2 1 0 0 0 0 1
R/R) 2 r/r) R R/ R/R R/R) BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 /). 3 1 0 0 0 0 1
The spatial the T Th The The BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 – 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
(3) (3) (3) ( (3 (3) (3) BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
R = r R R R R BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R 2 r R R R R BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1
E + e E E E E BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
E R e E E E E BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
. . . . . . . BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 . 1 4 0 0 0 0 1
(11) (11) (11) ( (1 (11 (11) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
6 The 6 6 6 6 6 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 – 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
often called often o of oft ofte BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 ,–,––., 7 10 0 0 0 0 1
to this to t to to to BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 –([]). 6 5 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
4. The 4. 4 4. 4. 4. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
The deceleration the T Th The The BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
q = q q q q q BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
aa aa aa a aa aa aa BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
a 2 a a a a a BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 , 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
(12) (12) (12) ( (1 (12 (12) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 () 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
where a where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
based on based b ba bas base BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 .()()()() 9 9 0 0 0 0 1
q vol q q q q q BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
−4πGρ + −4πgρ − −4 −4π −4πG BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
8πGρ − 8πgρ 8 8π 8πG 8πGρ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 −/−/ 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
. . . . . . . BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
(13) (13) (13) ( (1 (13 (13) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
We refer we W We We We BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 ,, 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
is positive is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
derivative of derivative d de der deri BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 (). 3 7 0 0 0 0 1
On the on O On On On BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
the distance. the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
accelerating models accelerating a ac acc acce BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
in the in i in in in BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
D L d D D D D BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
dD L dd d dD dD dD BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
z=0 z=0 z=0 z z= z=0 z=0 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
z + z z z z z BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
d 2 d d d d d BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
dz 2 dz d dz dz dz BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1
z=0 z=0 z=0 z z= z=0 z=0 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 1 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
z 2 z z z z z BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
= = = = = = = BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
c c c c c c c BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
H 0 h H H H H BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
z + z z z z z BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
c c c c c c c BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
2H 0 2h 2 2H 2H 2H BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
(1 − (1 ( (1 (1 (1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 (−)(). 6 10 0 0 0 0 1
(14) (14) (14) ( (1 (14 (14) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
Employing a employing E Em Emp Empl BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 – 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
D L d D D D D BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
cR cR cr c cR cR cR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
z + z z z z z BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1
c c c c c c c BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 + 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R ¨ r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
R 2 r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
+ + + + + + + BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
cR cR cr c cR cR cR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 7 0 0 0 0 1
R ˙ r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
− − − − − − − BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 − 1 5 0 0 0 0 1
c ˙ c c c c c BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
R 2 r R R R R BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
z 2 z z z z z BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 (). 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
(15) (15) (15) ( (1 (15 (15) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 () 2 3 0 0 0 0 1
Thus by thus T Th Thu Thus BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 ()(), 5 10 0 0 0 0 1
LemaˆıtreLemaˆıtre–Tolman model lemaˆıtrelemaˆıtre–tolman L Le Lem Lema BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 – 1 5 0 0 0 0 1
H dis h H H H H BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
0 = 0 0 0 0 0 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R , r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 , 1 6 0 0 0 0 1
q dis q q q q q BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
0 = 0 0 0 0 0 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
R ¨ r R R R R BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
R 2 r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
− − − − − − − BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 − 1 4 0 0 0 0 1
cR cR cr c cR cR cR BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1
R ˙ r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
+ + + + + + + BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
c ˙ c c c c c BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
R 2 r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
. . . . . . . BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 . 1 4 0 0 0 0 1
(16) (16) (16) ( (1 (16 (16) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
The above the T Th The The BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 ()., 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
Mashhoon [32] mashhoon M Ma Mas Mash BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 []., 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
Taylor expansion taylor T Ta Tay Tayl BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
dD L dd d dD dD dD BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
= 2R = = = = = BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
dt dt dt d dt dt dt BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
+ R + + + + + BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
d 2 d d d d d BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
dz 2 dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
dt dt dt d dt dt dt BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
+ 4R + + + + + BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
+ ¨ + + + + + BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
dt dt dt d dt dt dt BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKEND PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
+ 2 + + + + + BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
R dt r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
dr dr dr d dr dr dr BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 7 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 7 0 0 0 0 1
+ R + + + + + BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
dr dr dr d dr dr dr BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKEND PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
+ ˙ + + + + + BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
d 2 d d d d d BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
dz 2 dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
dz 2 dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 , 1 4 0 0 0 0 1
(17) (17) (17) ( (1 (17 (17) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 () 2 3 0 0 0 0 1
and we and a an and and BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
H dis h H H H H BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
dD L dd d dD dD dD BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
dz dz dz d dz dz dz BLOCKEND PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 no 0 6 0 0 0 0 1
−1 −1 −1 − −1 −1 −1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
, , , , , , , BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 , 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
q dis q q q q q BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
dz 2 dz d dz dz dz BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 . 1 2 0 0 0 0 1
(18) (18) (18) ( (1 (18 (18) BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 () 2 1 0 0 0 0 1
We refer we W We We We BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
of physical of o of of of BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
Figure 1. figure F Fi Fig Figu BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 .–. 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
presents Δm presents p pr pre pres BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 4 0 0 0 0 1
data, q data, d da dat data BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 ,.,, 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
easily check easily e ea eas easi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
will see will w wi wil will BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
q dis q q q q q BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
5. Connection 5. 5 5. 5. 5. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
Let us let L Le Let Let BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
on inhomogeneous on o on on on BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
cosmological constant cosmological c co cos cosm BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 [].. 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
of these of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
compare them compare c co com comp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
to supernova to t to to to BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
sample [33]. sample s sa sam samp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 [].–.,.,., 10 9 0 0 0 0 1
178.5 (for 178.5 1 17 178 178. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 .(.). 5 9 0 0 0 0 1
diagram for diagram d di dia diag BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
1–4 are 1–4 1 1– 1–4 1–4 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 –. 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
(as defined (as ( (a (as (as BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 (()//). 7 9 0 0 0 0 1
The distance the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 ,. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
Moreover, a moreover, M Mo Mor More BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 ,(()), 6 10 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
(as defined (as ( (a (as (as BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 (()).,( 7 6 0 0 0 0 1
0 , 0 0 0 0 0 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 ,) 2 4 0 0 0 0 1
be regarded be b be be be BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
data. However, data. d da dat data BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 .,, 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
which is which w wh whi whic BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 ,., 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
reproducing the reproducing r re rep repr BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
is negative. is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
the observed the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 ;, 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
also able also a al als also BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 ? 1 3 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
Figure 2. figure F Fi Fig Figu BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 .() 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
deceleration parameter deceleration d de dec dece BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 ()–. 4 7 0 0 0 0 1
Figure 3. figure F Fi Fig Figu BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 .() 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
(right panel) (right ( (r (ri (rig BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 (). 3 3 0 0 0 0 1
Let us let L Le Let Let BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
a perturbative a a a a a BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 ,-[]. 5 8 0 0 0 0 1
However, because however, H Ho How Howe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 ,, 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
obtained in obtained o ob obt obta BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 ., 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
in view in i in in in BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
with negative with w wi wit with BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 , 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
whether realistically whether w wh whe whet BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
deceleration parameter. deceleration d de dec dece BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 .,– 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
Frenk–White density frenk–white F Fr Fre Fren BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 –[](). 6 9 0 0 0 0 1
describes virialized describes d de des desc BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 ,. 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
average deceleration average a av ave aver BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
7 The 7 7 7 7 7 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 – 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
profile like profile p pr pro prof BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 9 ; 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
current instant current c cu cur curr BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 9 .. 2 7 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
Figure 4. figure F Fi Fig Figu BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .() 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
parameter (right parameter p pa par para BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 ()(,). 6 8 0 0 0 0 1
As can as A As As As BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 ,()., 5 10 0 0 0 0 1
is possible is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
of figure of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
(for details (for ( (f (fo (for BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 ()., 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
unrealistic. Specifically, unrealistic. u un unr unre BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 ., 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
small. The small. s sm sma smal BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 .,. 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
y. This y. y y. y. y. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
hundred thousand hundred h hu hun hund BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 . 1 2 0 0 0 0 1
Now let now N No Now Now BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
and superclusters. and a an and and BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
structures (void—curve structures s st str stru BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 (,). 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
of figure of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
above, we above, a ab abo abov BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
is negative, is i is is is BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 ,., 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
8, whose 8, 8 8, 8, 8, BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 ,, 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
volume deceleration volume v vo vol volu BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 ., 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
is of is i is is is BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 ,. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
6. Conclusions 6. 6 6. 6. 6. BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
In this in I In In In BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
obtained within obtained o ob obt obta BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
from the from f fr fro from BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
that there that t th tha that BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 ,, 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
accelerating, i.e. accelerating, a ac acc acce BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 ,.. 3 2 0 0 0 0 1
a > a a a a a BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 (()). 5 8 0 0 0 0 1
back-reaction and back-reaction b ba bac back BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 - 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
to the to t to to to BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 . 1 3 0 0 0 0 1
8 Employing 8 8 8 8 8 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 10 ,[] 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
at the at a at at at BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 10 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
Figure 5. figure F Fi Fig Figu BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .() 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
(right panel) (right ( (r (ri (rig BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 (). 3 3 0 0 0 0 1
We have we W We We We BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 7 0 0 0 0 1
models with models m mo mod mode BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
models of models m mo mod mode BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .–. 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
It was it I It It It BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
does not does d do doe does BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 (). 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
It was it I It It It BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
It was it I It It It BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 ,. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
This was this T Th Thi This BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
proved by proved p pr pro prov BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 []., 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
models with models m mo mod mode BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 ,,/−–−; 7 8 0 0 0 0 1
hence, as hence, h he hen henc BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 ,(),().,, 9 9 0 0 0 0 1
the age the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 5 0 0 0 0 1
Our analysis our O Ou Our Our BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 –, 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
which due which w wh whi whic BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
of averaging of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 -.,,, 5 9 0 0 0 0 1
the volume the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
observations. observations. observations. o ob obs obse BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
It is it I It It It BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
averaging over averaging a av ave aver BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
of the of o of of of BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
models. However, models. m mo mod mode BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 ., 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
for which for f fo for for BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 ,,. 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
suggests that suggests s su sug sugg BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
observable quantities. observable o ob obs obse BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .,,- 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
cannot potentially cannot c ca can cann BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 ., 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
work here work w wo wor work BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
be based be b be be be BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
Rather than rather R Ra Rat Rath BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
reproduce correct reproduce r re rep repr BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
spectrum, etc. spectrum, s sp spe spec BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 ,.,- 4 8 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
10 10 10 1 10 10 10 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
in [38]. in i in in in BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 [].,-[]. 8 9 0 0 0 0 1
In such in I In In In BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
being just being b be bei bein BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .[], 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
supernova and supernova s su sup supe BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 ,. 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
Acknowledgments Acknowledgments acknowledgments A Ac Ack Ackn BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
We would we W We We We BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
comments. KB comments. c co com comm BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
Astronomical Union astronomical A As Ast Astr BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 ; 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
Network (621/E-78/SN-0068/2007) network N Ne Net Netw BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 (/-/-/). 8 8 0 0 0 0 1
and the and a an and and BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 ,, 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
hospitality. LA hospitality. h ho hos hosp BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 .- 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
DMS-0707306 to dms-0707306 D DM DMS DMS- BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 -. 2 4 0 0 0 0 1
Appendix. Model appendix. A Ap App Appe BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
There are there T Th The Ther BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 –. 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
However only however H Ho How Howe BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 no 0 8 0 0 0 0 1
of the of o of of of BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 .: 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
(i) Models (i) ( (i (i) (i) BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
The radial the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 :. 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Models 1 models M Mo Mod Mode BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
time function. time t ti tim time BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 . 1 6 0 0 0 0 1
ρ(t 0 ρ(t ρ ρ( ρ(t ρ(t BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 (,) 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 + 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
− − − − − − − BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 − 1 5 0 0 0 0 1
r 2 r r r r r BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
σ 2 σ σ σ σ σ BLOCKEND PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
, , , , , , , BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 , 1 3 0 0 0 0 1
(A.1) (A.1) (a.1) ( (A (A. (A.1 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 (.) 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
where ρ where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 ( 1 5 0 0 0 0 1
0 )/(8πG), 0 0 0 0 0 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 )/(),.,− 8 10 0 0 0 0 1
−1 . −1 − −1 −1 −1 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 −. 2 3 0 0 0 0 1
ρ δ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 .,.,.,.. 8 9 0 0 0 0 1
the big the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 ,... 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
functions M functions f fu fun func BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 ()(). 5 9 0 0 0 0 1
background density background b ba bac back BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 (–) 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
model (Ω model m mo mod mode BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 (.,−) 5 10 0 0 0 0 1
following formula following f fo fol foll BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 []: 3 2 0 0 0 0 1
t(z) = t(z) t t( t(z t(z) BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
H 0 h H H H H BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
z z z z z z z BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
d˜zd˜z d˜zd˜z d˜zd˜z d d˜ d˜z d˜zd BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
(1 + (1 ( (1 (1 (1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 ( 1 3 0 0 0 0 1
z) z) z) z z) z) z) BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 ) 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
Ω mat ω Ω Ω Ω Ω BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 ( 1 7 0 0 0 0 1
z) 3 z) z z) z) z) BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 )( 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
z) 2 z) z z) z) z) BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 ) 1 2 0 0 0 0 1
, , , , , , , BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 , 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
(A.2) (A.2) (a.2) ( (A (A. (A.2 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 (.) 3 3 0 0 0 0 1
where Ω where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 −.() 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
z = z z z z z BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 ()., 4 8 0 0 0 0 1
t 0 t t t t t BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 .. 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
(ii) Models (ii) ( (i (ii (ii) BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
As above, as A As As As BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 , 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
r := r r r r r BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 :., 3 8 0 0 0 0 1
assumption that assumption a as ass assu BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 (,). 4 8 0 0 0 0 1
H T h H H H H BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 10 (,) 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R R r R R R R BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
= H = = = = = BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 − 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
− − − − − − − BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 − 1 5 0 0 0 0 1
r 2 r r r r r BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
σ 2 σ σ σ σ σ BLOCKEND PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
, , , , , , , BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 , 1 3 0 0 0 0 1
(A.3) (A.3) (a.3) ( (A (A. (A.3 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 (.) 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
11 11 11 1 11 11 11 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
where H where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 .− 2 6 0 0 0 0 1
−1 , −1 − −1 −1 −1 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 −,.,− 5 10 0 0 0 0 1
−1 , −1 − −1 −1 −1 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 −, 2 1 0 0 0 0 1
σ = σ σ σ σ σ BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 .., 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
to be to t to to to BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
the above the t th the the BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 (). 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
generalizations of generalizations g ge gen gene BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 ; 1 8 0 0 0 0 1
a/a. a/a. a/a. a a/ a/a a/a. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 /. 2 0 0 0 0 0 1
Besides the besides B Be Bes Besi BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 ,, 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
parameter, H parameter, p pa par para BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 ,(()), 6 9 0 0 0 0 1
H V h H H H H BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 (/). 4 3 0 0 0 0 1
(iii) Model (iii) ( (i (ii (iii BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 () 2 1 0 0 0 0 1
The radial the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
i.e. r i.e. i i. i.e i.e. BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 ..:. 4 9 0 0 0 0 1
instant and instant i in ins inst BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
parametrized by parametrized p pa par para BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 no 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
ρ(t 0 ρ(t ρ ρ( ρ(t ρ(t BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 3 (,) 3 6 0 0 0 0 1
δ δ δ δ δ δ δ BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 3 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
(r/r s (r/r ( (r (r/ (r/r BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 3 (/)(/), 7 10 0 0 0 0 1
(A.4) (A.4) (a.4) ( (A (A. (A.4 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 3 (.) 3 2 0 0 0 0 1
where δ where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 .,, 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
cluster profile cluster c cl clu clus BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 []., 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
problem can problem p pr pro prob BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 , 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
as f as a as as as BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 ()−. 4 2 0 0 0 0 1
The density the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 ; 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
distance at distance d di dis dist BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
R(t LS r(t R R( R(t R(t BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 (,) 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
M M m M M M M BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 no 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
κρ LS κρ κ κρ κρ κρ BLOCKEND PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
1/3 1/3 1/3 1 1/ 1/3 1/3 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 / 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
. . . . . . . BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 . 1 3 0 0 0 0 1
(A.5) (A.5) (a.5) ( (A (A. (A.5 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 (.) 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
The function the T Th The The BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 ()(). 5 9 0 0 0 0 1
by subtracting by b by by by BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 ()([]). 7 10 0 0 0 0 1
presented in presented p pr pre pres BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 .. 2 4 0 0 0 0 1
(iv) Model (iv) ( (i (iv (iv) BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 () 2 1 0 0 0 0 1
The radial the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 ,:. 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
The model the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 (.) 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
form: form: form: f fo for form BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 : 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
E(r) = e(r) E E( E(r E(r) BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
10 −3 10 1 10 10 10 BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 −− 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
. . . . . . . BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
(A.6) (A.6) (a.6) ( (A (A. (A.6 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 (.) 3 3 0 0 0 0 1
This profile this T Th Thi This BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
in the in i in in in BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 . 1 2 0 0 0 0 1
(v) Models (v) ( (v (v) (v) BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 () 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
The radial the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 no 0 9 0 0 0 0 1
instant, r instant, i in ins inst BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 ,:. 3 9 0 0 0 0 1
density distribution, density d de den dens BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 ,: 2 8 0 0 0 0 1
ρ(t LS ρ(t ρ ρ( ρ(t ρ(t BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 (,) 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
1 − 1 1 1 1 1 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 −(−) 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
− − − − − − − BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
r − r r r r r BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 − 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
d d d d d d d BLOCKEND PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 no 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
, , , , , , , BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 1 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 , 1 3 0 0 0 0 1
(A.7) (A.7) (a.7) ( (A (A. (A.7 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 (.) 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
where = where w wh whe wher BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 −;.−−; 6 9 0 0 0 0 1
γ = γ γ γ γ γ BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 .−.−;.. 7 10 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
12 12 12 1 12 12 12 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
Figure A.1. figure F Fi Fig Figu BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 ..(). 5 9 0 0 0 0 1
Please note please P Pl Ple Plea BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 - 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
in the in i in in in BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 .:. 3 7 0 0 0 0 1
Figure A.2. figure F Fi Fig Figu BLOCKSTART PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 ..()()()(). 11 10 0 0 0 0 1
for models for f fo for for BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 ;; 2 9 0 0 0 0 1
d = d d d d d BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 . 1 9 0 0 0 0 1
models is models m mo mod mode BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 .()(), 6 9 0 0 0 0 1
function E(r) function f fu fun func BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 ()(). 5 5 0 0 0 0 1
(vi) Model (vi) ( (v (vi (vi) BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 () 2 1 0 0 0 0 1
The radial the T Th The The BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 ::. 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
The density the T Th The The BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 : 1 5 0 0 0 0 1
ρ(t 0 ρ(t ρ ρ( ρ(t ρ(t BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 (,).(−−()), 11 10 0 0 0 0 1
(A.8) (A.8) (a.8) ( (A (A. (A.8 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 (.) 3 1 0 0 0 0 1
and the and a an and and BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
E(r) = e(r) E E( E(r E(r) BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 1 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
H 0 h H H H H BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
c c c c c c c BLOCKIN PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
r r r r r r r BLOCKEND PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 no 0 5 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
exp (10 exp e ex exp exp BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 (−), 4 10 0 0 0 0 1
(A.9) (A.9) (a.9) ( (A (A. (A.9 BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 (.) 3 4 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
13 13 13 1 13 13 13 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
which except which w wh whi whic BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [(−)](). 8 9 0 0 0 0 1
This profile this T Th Thi This BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 . 1 10 0 0 0 0 1
in the in i in in in BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS NODIGIT 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 . 1 2 0 0 0 0 1
References References references R Re Ref Refe BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 1
[1] Perlmutter [1] [ [1 [1] [1] BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],..[] 7 6 0 0 0 0 1
Riess A riess R Ri Rie Ries BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,..[] 5 5 0 0 0 0 1
Perlmutter S perlmutter P Pe Per Perl BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,..[] 5 5 0 0 0 0 1
[2] Hinshaw [2] [ [2 [2] [2] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],....:. 9 7 0 0 0 0 1
Tegmark M tegmark T Te Teg Tegm BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,..[] 5 5 0 0 0 0 1
Percival W percival P Pe Per Perc BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,..... 6 6 0 0 0 0 1
[3] Ehlers [3] [ [3 [3] [3] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],,...[] 9 7 0 0 0 0 1
[4] Stoeger [4] [ [4 [4] [4] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],,..[] 8 7 0 0 0 0 1
[5] Nilsson [5] [ [5 [5] [5] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],,,..[] 9 8 0 0 0 0 1
[6] Dąbrowski [6] [ [6 [6] [6] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],..[] 7 6 0 0 0 0 1
Célérier M célérier C Cé Cél Célé BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,..[] 5 5 0 0 0 0 1
Iguchi H, iguchi I Ig Igu Iguc BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,,...[] 7 7 0 0 0 0 1
God lowski god G Go God God BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,,..[] 6 8 0 0 0 0 1
Alnes H alnes A Al Aln Alne BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,..[] 5 6 0 0 0 0 1
Alnes H, alnes A Al Aln Alne BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,,..[] 6 7 0 0 0 0 1
Chung D chung C Ch Chu Chun BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,..[] 5 6 0 0 0 0 1
Alnes H alnes A Al Aln Alne BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,..[] 5 6 0 0 0 0 1
Enqvist K enqvist E En Enq Enqv BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,....()[] 9 8 0 0 0 0 1
Alexander S, alexander A Al Ale Alex BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,,,:. 5 6 0 0 0 0 1
Biswas T, biswas B Bi Bis Bisw BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,,....()[] 10 9 0 0 0 0 1
Brouzakis N, brouzakis B Br Bro Brou BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,,....()[] 10 9 0 0 0 0 1
Brouzakis N, brouzakis B Br Bro Brou BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,,....()[] 10 9 0 0 0 0 1
[arXiv:astro-ph/0703586] [arXiv:astro-ph/0703586] [arxiv:astro-ph/0703586] [ [a [ar [arX BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 NOCAPS CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [:-/] 5 2 0 0 0 0 1
Marra V, marra M Ma Mar Marr BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,,,..[] 7 8 0 0 0 0 1
Biswas T biswas B Bi Bis Bisw BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,....()[] 9 8 0 0 0 0 1
Bolejko K, bolejko B Bo Bol Bole BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,.[:-/] 7 5 0 0 0 0 1
García-Bellido J garcía-bellido G Ga Gar Garc BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 -,....()[] 10 9 0 0 0 0 1
Enqvist K, enqvist E En Enq Enqv BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,...[] 6 4 0 0 0 0 1
Khosravi Sh, khosravi K Kh Kho Khos BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,,,...[] 8 8 0 0 0 0 1
Bolejko K bolejko B Bo Bol Bole BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,:. 3 4 0 0 0 0 1
Yoo C-M, yoo Y Yo Yoo Yoo BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 -,-,:. 6 5 0 0 0 0 1
[7] Célérier [7] [ [7 [7] [7] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],.. 5 4 0 0 0 0 1
[8] Ellis [8] [ [8 [8] [8] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],..[] 7 7 0 0 0 0 1
[9] Peebles [9] [ [9 [9] [9] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],(,:) 7 10 0 0 0 0 1
[10] Ishibashi [10] [ [1 [10 [10] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],..[] 7 7 0 0 0 0 1
[11] Kasai [11] [ [1 [11 [11] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],,...[] 9 7 0 0 0 0 1
[12] van [12] [ [1 [12 [12] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],..[] 7 7 0 0 0 0 1
[13] Kolb [13] [ [1 [13 [13] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],,:. 6 6 0 0 0 0 1
[14] Ellis [14] [ [1 [14 [14] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],[] 5 4 0 0 0 0 1
[15] Hellaby [15] [ [1 [15 [15] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],...[] 8 5 0 0 0 0 1
Lu T lu L Lu Lu Lu BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,..[] 5 6 0 0 0 0 1
McClure M mcclure M Mc McC McCl BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ,:. 3 4 0 0 0 0 1
[16] Buchert [16] [ [1 [16 [16] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],...[] 8 5 0 0 0 0 1
[17] Räsänen [17] [ [1 [17 [17] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],....()[] 11 7 0 0 0 0 1
[18] Buchert [18] [ [1 [18 [18] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],...[] 8 5 0 0 0 0 1
[19] Nambu [19] [ [1 [19 [19] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],:-/ 6 5 0 0 0 0 1
[20] Paranjape [20] [ [2 [20 [20] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],..[] 7 7 0 0 0 0 1
[21] Kai [21] [ [2 [21 [21] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],,,,...[] 11 9 0 0 0 0 1
[22] Chuang [22] [ [2 [22 [22] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],,..[] 8 8 0 0 0 0 1
[23] Räsänen [23] [ [2 [23 [23] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],....[] 9 5 0 0 0 0 1
[24] Räsänen [24] [ [2 [24 [24] BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 [],....()[] 11 7 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
14 14 14 1 14 14 14 BLOCKSTART PAGEEND NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
JCAP10(2008)003 JCAP10(2008)003 jcap10(2008)003 J JC JCA JCAP BLOCKSTART PAGESTART NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 11 0 () 2 10 0 0 0 0 1
Apparent and apparent A Ap App Appa BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT LOWERFONT 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 no 0 10 0 0 1 0 0
[25] Wiltshire [25] [ [2 [25 [25] BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],.. 5 3 0 0 0 0 1
Wiltshire D wiltshire W Wi Wil Wilt BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 ,...[] 6 4 0 0 0 0 1
[26] Leith [26] [ [2 [26 [26] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],,..[] 8 6 0 0 0 0 1
[27] Khosravi [27] [ [2 [27 [27] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],,:. 6 5 0 0 0 0 1
[28] Buchert [28] [ [2 [28 [28] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],-,..[] 9 7 0 0 0 0 1
[29] Krasinski [29] [ [2 [29 [29] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],...[] 8 4 0 0 0 0 1
Krasinski A, krasinski K Kr Kra Kras BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 ,...[] 6 4 0 0 0 0 1
Pleba´nskiPleba´nski J pleba´nskipleba´nski P Pl Ple Pleb BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 ,(: 3 10 0 0 0 0 1
Cambridge University cambridge C Ca Cam Camb BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 ) 1 2 0 0 0 0 1
[30] LemaˆıtreLemaˆıtre [30] [ [3 [30 [30] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],...(...()) 13 9 0 0 0 0 1
Tolman R tolman T To Tol Tolm BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 ,....(...()) 12 7 0 0 0 0 1
[31] Hellaby [31] [ [3 [31 [31] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],..[] 7 5 0 0 0 0 1
Hellaby C hellaby H He Hel Hell BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 ,..() 5 5 0 0 0 0 1
[32] Partovi [32] [ [3 [32 [32] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],..[] 7 5 0 0 0 0 1
[33] Riess [33] [ [3 [33 [33] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],..[] 7 4 0 0 0 0 1
[34] Li [34] [ [3 [34 [34] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],:. 5 4 0 0 0 0 1
Paranjape A paranjape P Pa Par Para BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 ,:. 3 4 0 0 0 0 1
[35] Navarro [35] [ [3 [35 [35] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],,..[] 8 6 0 0 0 0 1
[36] Hossain [36] [ [3 [36 [36] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],:. 5 3 0 0 0 0 1
[37] Sussman [37] [ [3 [37 [37] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],:. 5 3 0 0 0 0 1
[38] Larena [38] [ [3 [38 [38] BLOCKIN PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],-,,-,:. 10 7 0 0 0 0 1
[39] Krasi´nskiKrasi´nski [39] [ [3 [39 [39] BLOCKEND PAGEIN SAMEFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 0 0 ALLCAP CONTAINSDIGITS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 [],..[] 7 6 0 0 0 0 1
Journal of journal J Jo Jou Jour BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT SAMEFONTSIZE 1 0 INITCAP NODIGIT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 ()(..////) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
15 15 15 1 15 15 15 BLOCKSTART PAGEIN NEWFONT HIGHERFONT 0 0 NOCAPS ALLDIGIT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 no 0 10 0 0 0 0 0