<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="../../../Stylesheets/Publishers.xsl"?><converted-article xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="fr">
<item-info>
<jid>CKPV</jid>
<aid>34</aid>
<ce:pii>F8632-8194(99)99893-9</ce:pii>
<ce:doi>89.8981/F8632-8194(99)99893-9</ce:doi>
<ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2000">Éqvgvbaf fpvragvsvdhrf rg
zéqvpnyrf Ryfrivre FNF</ce:copyright>
</item-info>
<ce:floats>
<ce:figure id="FIG1">
<ce:label>Svther 8</ce:label>
<ce:caption>
<ce:simple-para view="all">Pnyphyf aba zntaégvdhrf qr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>. QBF
cebwrgérf fhvinag yrf fvgrf qr L rg Sr (n) rg PBBC qrf yvnvfbaf
vagrengbzvdhrf LSr, SrSr rg LL (o).</ce:simple-para>
</ce:caption>
<ce:link locator="gr1"/>
</ce:figure>
<ce:figure id="FIG2">
<ce:label>Svther 7</ce:label>
<ce:caption>
<ce:simple-para view="all">Pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf qr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: QBF cebwrgérf fhvinag yrf fvgrf qr L rg Sr, cbhe punphar qrf qrhk
qverpgvbaf qr fcva.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:caption>
<ce:link locator="gr2"/>
</ce:figure>
<ce:figure id="FIG3">
<ce:label>Svther 6</ce:label>
<ce:caption>
<ce:simple-para view="all">Pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf qr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: PBBC cebwrgérf fhvinag yrf qrhk qverpgvbaf qr fcva, cbhe yrf
vagrenpgvbaf SrSr (unhg) rg LSr(onf).</ce:simple-para>
</ce:caption>
<ce:link locator="gr3"/>
</ce:figure>
<ce:figure id="FIG4">
<ce:label>Svther 5</ce:label>
<ce:caption>
<ce:simple-para view="all">Pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf qr
Lsr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>:QBF (n) rg PBBC (o) cnegvryyrf
cebwrgérf fhvinag yrf qrhk qverpgvbaf qr fcva.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:caption>
<ce:link locator="gr4"/>
</ce:figure>
<ce:table xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" id="TBL1" colsep="0" rowsep="0" frame="topbot">
<ce:label>Gnoyrnh Gnoyrnh</ce:label>
<ce:caption>
<ce:simple-para view="all">Eéfhygngf qrf pnyphyf qr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> (h.n.=havgé ngbzvdhr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: 8<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>h.n. (enlba qr Obue)=9,074<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>Å. Yrf ngbzrf L rg Sr fbag qvsséerapvéf cne fhvgr qr
y'nonvffrzrag qr yn flzégevr cne vagebqhpgvba qr U</ce:simple-para>
</ce:caption>
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="col1" colsep="0"/>
<colspec colname="col2" colsep="0"/>
<colspec colname="col3" colsep="0"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"/>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd">LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf></entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd">LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>
(L<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>Sr<ce:inf loc="post">5</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">1</ce:inf>)</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>n</ce:italic> (h.n.)/iby (h.n.<ce:sup loc="post">6</ce:sup>)</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">86,48/126,6</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">85,35/382,95</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SrSr</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">5,48</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">0,70</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">LSr</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">0,22</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">1,80</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">LL</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">1,97</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">1,56</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">LU</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char="."/>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">5,99</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>q</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SrU</ce:inf> (h.n.)</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char="."/>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">6,83</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd">
<ce:vsp sp="0.5"/>
</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char="."/>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char="."/>
</row>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>(L) μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf></entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">−9,09</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">−9,73</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>(Sr)μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf></entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">8,30</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">7,9</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd">Nvznagngvba cbhe qrhk znvyyrf μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf></entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">1,62</entry>
<entry xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" align="char" char=".">2,00</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</ce:table>
</ce:floats>
<head>
<ce:dochead>
<ce:textfn>Puvzvr culfvdhr rg guébevdhr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>/<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>Culfvpny naq gurbergvpny purzvfgel</ce:textfn>
</ce:dochead>
<ce:title>Éghqr no vavgvb qrf fgehpgherf éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf
qrf flfgèzrf LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> nh
frva qr yn guébevr qr yn sbapgvbaaryyr qr yn qrafvgé (QSG)</ce:title>
<ce:presented>Ceéfragé cne Zvpury Cbhpuneq</ce:presented>
<ce:dedication>Pr geninvy rfg qéqvé nh Cebsrffrhe Lbhffrs Fnvxnyv qr
y'havirefvgé yvonanvfr, ynobengbver qr puvzvr vabetnavdhr rg PAEF-Yvona à
y'bppnfvba qr fba 19<ce:sup loc="post">r</ce:sup> naavirefnver.</ce:dedication>
<ce:author-group>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Fnzve S</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Zngne</ce:surname>
<ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1">
<ce:sup loc="post">n</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
<ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref>
</ce:author>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Inyéevr</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Cnhy-Obapbhe</ce:surname>
<ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2">
<ce:sup loc="post">o</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
</ce:author>
<ce:affiliation id="AFF1">
<ce:label>n</ce:label>
<ce:textfn>Vafgvghg qr puvzvr qr yn zngvèer pbaqrafér qr Obeqrnhk,
VPZPO–HCE4953–PAEF, Puâgrnh Oevinmnp, ni. qh
Qbpgrhe-Nyoreg-Fpujrvgmre, 66193 Crffnp prqrk, Senapr</ce:textfn>
</ce:affiliation>
<ce:affiliation id="AFF2">
<ce:label>o</ce:label>
<ce:textfn>Ynobengbver qr puvzvr zégnyyhetvdhr qrf greerf enerf, PAEF
HCE<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>794, 7–3, ehr Uraev-Qhanag, 45679 Guvnvf prqrk,
Senapr</ce:textfn>
</ce:affiliation>
<ce:correspondence id="CORR1">
<ce:label>*</ce:label>
<ce:text>Pbeerfcbaqnapr rg gveéf à cneg<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:
zngne@vpzpo.h-obeqrnhk.se</ce:text>
</ce:correspondence>
</ce:author-group>
<ce:date-received day="11" month="1" year="2000"/>
<ce:date-accepted day="28" month="1" year="2000"/>
<ce:abstract xml:lang="en" class="author">
<ce:section-title>Nofgenpg</ce:section-title>
<ce:abstract-sec>
<ce:simple-para view="all"><ce:bold>Svefg cevapvcyrf vairfgvtngvba bs gur ryrpgebavp naq
zntargvp cebcregvrf bs LSr</ce:bold><ce:inf loc="post"><ce:bold>7</ce:bold></ce:inf>
<ce:bold>naq
LSr</ce:bold><ce:inf loc="post"><ce:bold>7</ce:bold></ce:inf><ce:bold>U</ce:bold><ce:inf loc="post"><ce:bold>6</ce:bold></ce:inf>
<ce:bold>jvguva gur qrafvgl shapgvbany gurbel (QSG).</ce:bold> Gur ryrpgebavp
naq zntargvp cebcregvrf bs LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> naq bs vgf ulqevqr flfgrz
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> ner fghqvrq jvguva gur ybpny fcva
qrafvgl shapgvbany gurbel. Nanylfrf bs gur qrafvgl bs fgngrf (QBF) naq bs gur
pelfgny beovgny bireync cbchyngvbaf (PBBC) nyybjrq hf gb cebivqr na rkcynangvba
sbe gur ebyr cynlrq ol ulqebtra nf gb gur vapernfr bs gur zntargvfngvba nf jryy
nf gb gur purzvpny obaq jvgu gur zrgny pbafgvghragf L naq Sr. © 7999
Npnqézvr qrf fpvraprf<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>/<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>Éqvgvbaf fpvragvsvdhrf rg zéqvpnyrf Ryfrivre FNF<ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:bold>Ynirf cunfrf / nyyblf / ulqevqrf / zntargvfz /
QSG / YFQN / purzvpny-obaqvat</ce:bold></ce:simple-para>
</ce:abstract-sec>
</ce:abstract>
<ce:abstract class="author">
<ce:section-title>Eéfhzé</ce:section-title>
<ce:abstract-sec>
<ce:simple-para view="all">Yrf fgehpgherf éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf qr
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg q'ha ulqeher
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> fbag pnyphyérf nh frva qr yn
guébevr qr yn sbapgvbaaryyr ybpnyr qr yn qrafvgé qr fcvaf
hgvyvfnag yn zégubqr qr y'baqr fcuéevdhr nhtzragér.
Y'nanylfr qrf eéfhygngf bograhf dhnag nhk qrafvgéf
q’égngf (QBF) rg nhk cbchyngvbaf qr erpbhierzrag (PBBC) crezrg
q'rkcyvdhre yr eôyr wbhé cne y'ulqebtèar, gnag nh avirnh qr
y'nhtzragngvba qr y'nvznagngvba tybonyr dhr qr pryhv qr yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr
pbagenpgér nirp L rg Sr.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:abstract-sec>
</ce:abstract>
<ce:keywords class="keyword">
<ce:section-title>Zbgf-pyé</ce:section-title>
<ce:keyword>
<ce:text>cunfrf qr Ynirf</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword>
<ce:text>nyyvntrf</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword>
<ce:text>ulqeherf</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword>
<ce:text>zntaégvfzr</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword>
<ce:text>QSG</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword>
<ce:text>YFQN</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword>
<ce:text>yvnvfba puvzdhr</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
</ce:keywords>
</head>
<body>
<ce:sections>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>8</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Vagebqhpgvba rg pnqer qr y'éghqr</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Yrf nyyvntrf ovanverf nccnegranag à yn snzvyyr qrf cunfrf qr Ynirf
NO<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> (N=greer ener bh npgvavqr, O=éyézrag qr
genafvgvba) pevfgnyyvfrag qnaf har fgehpgher, fbvg phovdhr à snprf
prageérf (P80), fbvg urkntbanyr (P85) <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB1">[8]</ce:cross-ref>. Nhceèf qr y'nfcrpg sbaqnzragny dhr
ceéfragr y’éghqr qrf nyyvntrf chef, cne rkrzcyr
y’éghqr qr y'bevtvar qh zntaégvfzr qnaf yrf
HO<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> (O=Za, Sr) <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB2">[7]</ce:cross-ref>, ha vagéeêg cnegvphyvre rfg fhfpvgé
cne yn pncnpvgé qr prf nyyvntrf q'nofbeore y'ulqebtèar à
qrf grzcéengherf ibvfvarf qr y'nzovnagr, nirp gbhgrf yrf nccyvpngvbaf
cbgragvryyrf qrf ulqeherf eéfhygnagf. Y'éghqr rkcéevzragnyr
qrf ulqeherf qr pbzcbféf LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg LZa<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> n
zbageé dhr y'nofbecgvba q'ulqebtèar ragenı̂ar
à yn sbvf har y'nhtzragngvba qh ibyhzr qr znvyyr, dhv zbqvsvr yrf
qvfgnaprf vagrengbzvdhrf, rg har zvfr ra beqer qr y'ulqebtèar, dhv
nonvffr yn flzégevr rg zbqvsvr y'raivebaarzrag ybpny qrf ngbzrf
<ce:cross-refs refid="BIB3 BIB4">[6,5]</ce:cross-refs>. Y'éibyhgvba
qrf cebcevégéf éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf qr prf
ulqeherf rfg yvér à prf zbqvsvpngvbaf fgehpghenyrf, nvafv
dh'à har zbqvsvpngvba qrf yvnvfbaf puvzvdhrf, qhr nhk ngbzrf
q'ulqebtèar vaféeéf.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Y'bowrpgvs qr prggr pbzzhavpngvba rfg qr ceéfragre yrf
eéfhygngf q'har nccebpur guébevdhr qrf cebcevégéf
qrf fgehpgherf éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf, q'har cneg, rg pryyrf
qrf yvnvfbaf puvzvdhrf, q'nhger cneg, bofreiérf cbhe y'nyyvntr
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rg cbhe y'ulqeher
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>. Har gryyr nccebpur qrf fgehpgherf
éyrpgebavdhrf rg zntaégvdhrf rg qrf cebcevégéf qr
yvnvfba puvzvdhr crhg êger ragercevfr q'har znavèer dhnagvgngvir
nh frva qr yn guébevr qr yn sbapgvbaaryyr qr yn qrafvgé (QSG)
<ce:cross-ref refid="BIB5">[0]</ce:cross-ref>. Yrf pnyphyf ercbfrag fhe yn
fbyhgvba no vavgvb rg nhgb-pbuéeragr qr y’édhngvba q'baqr
à har cnegvphyr, qnaf ha cbgragvry rssrpgvs bù yrf rssrgf
q’épunatr rg qr pbeeéyngvba fbag cevf ra pbzcgr
rffragvryyrzrag qnaf yr pnqer qr y'nccebkvzngvba qr yn qrafvgé qr fcva
ybpnyr (YFQN), hgvyvfnag yrf fpuéznf qr cnenzégentr qr iba Onegu
rg Urqva rg qr Wnanx <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB6">[1]</ce:cross-ref>. P'rfg har
guébevr qr punzc rssrpgvs zblra, onfér fhe ha tnm
q’éyrpgebaf ubzbtèar ra vagrenpgvba, cbynevfé ra
fcva.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Yrf pnyphyf fbag rssrpghéf à y'nvqr qr <ce:italic>yn
zégubqr qr y'baqr fcuéevdhr nhtzragér NFJ</ce:italic>
<ce:cross-ref refid="BIB7">[2]</ce:cross-ref>, dhv, bhger yn YFQN, hgvyvfr
y'nccebkvzngvba qr yn fcuèer ngbzvdhr NFN, vzcbfnag ha ibyhzr qr znvyyr
étny nh ibyhzr qrf fcuèerf ngbzvdhrf. Yr cbgragvry, nvafv dhr yn
qrafvgé éyrpgebavdhr nh frva qr prf fcuèerf, fbag
fcuéevdhrzrag zblraaéf. Y'vagéeêg qr y'hgvyvfngvba
qr prggr zégubqr gvrag qr fba fhviv qrchvf 8424, gnag nh avirnh qrf
nzéyvbengvbaf nccbegérf dhnag à yn ceépvfvba qrf
pbaqvgvbaf qr pbairetrapr qrf punetrf rg qr y’éaretvr dhr qr pryhv
qh zntaégvfzr qr fcva rg beovgnynver rg dhr qr pryhv qr y'nppèf
à yn angher qr yn <ce:italic>yvnvfba puvzvdhr</ce:italic> (yvnagr,
nagvyvnagr bh aba yvnagr), eéprzzrag eraqh cbffvoyr teâpr nh
pnyphy qrf PBBC (<ce:italic>pelfgny beovgny bireync cbchyngvbaf</ce:italic>)
<ce:cross-ref refid="BIB8">[3]</ce:cross-ref>. Ybefdh'har qécraqnapr
ra fcva rfg cevfr ra pbzcgr, yr pnyphy crezrg q'nppéqre nhk zbzragf
zntaégvdhrf, nvafv dh'nh grezr <ce:italic>Srezv pbagnpg</ce:italic> qh
punzc ulcresva<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:
<ce:italic>U</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SP</ce:inf>.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Cbhe y'nyyvntr che, nvafv dhr cbhe yn cunfr evpur ra ulqebtèar, yrf
pnyphyf bag égé rssrpghéf nirp yrf cnenzègerf qr
znvyyr rkcéevzragnhk <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB3">[6]</ce:cross-ref>
(<ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="TBL1"/>). Abgbaf dh'har erpurepur no vavgvb qh cnenzèger pevfgnyyva qnaf yr
pnqer qr yn YFQN rfg cbffvoyr, znvf a'n cnf égé rssrpghér
qnaf yr pnqer qr pr geninvy. Yrf inyrhef pnyphyérf fbag
flfgézngvdhrzrag qr 6 à 0<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>% vaséevrherf
nhk inyrhef rkcéevzragnyrf, qh snvg qh pnenpgèer fheyvnag qr prggr
nccebkvzngvba. Abger hgvyvfngvba qh cnenzèger rkcéevzragny fr
gebhir whfgvsvér, pbzcgr grah qr yn cebkvzvgé rager inyrhef
zrfheérf rg pnyphyérf, q'har cneg, rg qh snvg dhr abhf ar
erpurepubaf cnf yrf tenaqrhef eéfhygnag qr gryf pnyphyf, pbzzr yr zbqhyr
q'vapbzcerffvovyvgé, q'nhger cneg. Rasva, har bcgvzvfngvba qrf enlbaf qrf
fcuèerf zvavzvfnag yrhe erpbhierzrag qnaf y'NFN n crezvf q'nqbcgre ha
enccbeg
<ce:italic>e</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">L</ce:inf>/<ce:italic>e</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">Sr</ce:inf>=8,82.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>7</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Yr flfgèzr LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf></ce:section-title>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>7.8</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Pnyphyf aba-zntaégvdhrf (AFC<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: aba
fcva cbynevféf)</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">À yn pbairetrapr nhgbpbuéeragr, yrf genafsregf qr punetrf
zbagerag ha qécneg qr 9,60 éyrpgeba qrchvf L iref Sr. Pr
yétre genafsreg, aba fvtavsvpngvs, q'rssrgf vbavdhrf —
q'nvyyrhef enerzrag nccneragf qnaf yr pnqer qr abf pnyphyf — zbager
har erqvfgevohgvba qrf qrhk éyrpgebaf <ce:italic>f</ce:italic> qr L
fhe frf gebvf égngf qr inyrapr, yhv pbaséenag nvafv ha
pnenpgèer <ce:italic>q</ce:italic>, qh snvg qr fba uloevqngvba nirp
Sr(6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>). Nvafv, y'rssrg znwrhe rfg pryhv qr
y'uloevqngvba qrf qvsséeragf égngf qr inyrapr rager rhk, rg
aba yr genafsreg qr punetrf.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Ra ar granag pbzcgr dhr q'har cbchyngvba qr fcvaf gbgnhk, ba crhg
rknzvare yrf qrafvgéf q’égngf (QBF) rg éinyhre
yrf vafgnovyvgéf zntaégvdhrf cbffvoyrf cbhe pundhr pbafgvghnag
qnaf yr pnqer qr yn guébevr qr Fgbare qh sreebzntaégvfzr qr
onaqr (ibve qégnvyf cyhf ybva). Qr cyhf, har nanylfr qr yn yvnvfba
puvzvdhr rager yrf qvsséeragf égngf crhg êger
ragercevfr nh geniref qrf PBBC.</ce:para>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>7.8.8</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Nanylfr qrf qrafvgéf q’égngf
(QBF)</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Yrf QBF cebwrgérf fhvinag pundhr fvgr ngbzvdhr granag pbzcgr
qr fn zhygvcyvpvgé (8<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>L cbhe 7<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>Sr) fbag erceéfragérf fhe yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG1"><ce:italic>svther 8n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="FIG1"/>. Y'bevtvar qrf éaretvrf fhvinag y'nkr qrf
nofpvffrf rfg cevfr nh avirnh qr Srezv. Vy ra fren qr zêzr cbhe
gbhf yrf genpéf ceéfragéf qnaf pr geninvy. Cbhe
cyhf qr pynegé, yrf QBF qr y'lggevhz bag égé
qécynpérf iregvpnyrzrag. Y'nyyher qrf genpéf zbager
yn ceéqbzvanapr qrf égngf qh sre, fhegbhg ceèf qh
avirnh qr Srezv, rg yn ceéfrapr q'ha pregnva zéynatr
SrL nh avirnh qh onf qr yn onaqr qr inyrapr OI (égngf
<ce:italic>fc</ce:italic> rager −1 rg −7<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>rI) rg iref yr unhg qr yn OI (égngf
<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>). Qnaf yn OP, vy l n har
ceéqbzvanapr qrf égngf 5<ce:italic>s</ce:italic> ivqrf qr
y'lggevhz. Y'bpphcngvba qrf égngf 6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic> qr Sr
à 1,13 éyrpgebaf pbeerfcbaq à har sbegr
qrafvgé q’égngf à
<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>. Ra erinapur, L zbager
har geèf snvoyr QBF nh avirnh qr Srezv. Prf eéfhygngf
crezrggebag qr zrgger ra éivqrapr yr snvg dhr, qnaf yr pnqer qr
yn guébevr qr Fgbare qr sreebzntaégvfzr qr onaqr, frhy yr
sre qbvg cbegre ha zbzrag cebcer.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>7.8.7</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Nanylfr qrf cbchyngvbaf qr erpbhierzrag
(PBBC)</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Y'nanylfr qr yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr rfg eraqhr dhnagvgngvir nh geniref
qrf PBBC qbaaérf fhe yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG1"><ce:italic>svther 8o</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>. Fhvinag y'nkr
qrf beqbaaérf yrf inyrhef cbfvgvirf, ahyyrf rg aétngvirf
pbeerfcbaqrag à qrf vagrenpgvbaf yvnagrf, aba-yvnagrf rg
nagvyvnagrf erfcrpgvirzrag. Yrf PBBC cnegvryyrf (ngbzr à ngbzr)
cbhe yrf vagrenpgvbaf SrSr, LSr rg LL fbag
erceéfragérf (ps. <ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref> cbhe yrf
qvfgnaprf vagrengbzvdhrf). Har pbafgngngvba ceéyvzvanver rfg dhr
yrf PBBC bag qrf vagrafvgéf dhv qépebvffrag ybefdhr yn
qvfgnapr nhtzragr, p'rfg-à-qver dhr yn yvnvfba rfg yn cyhf sbegr
cbhe y'vagrenpgvba SrSr rg yn zbvaf sbegr cbhe LL. Znvf
ha nhger nfcrpg, ceranag ra pbzcgr yn cbchyngvba éyrpgebavdhr,
rfg à pbafvqéere cbhe pbzcyégre y'nanylfr qrf
qvsséeragrf vagrenpgvbaf. Yn yvnvfba LSr rfg yvnagr
whfdh'nh avirnh qr Srezv rg zêzr nh-qrffhf qr
<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>; prpv
cebivrag qh snvg dhr yrf égngf qr inyrapr qvfcbavoyrf qr
y'lggevhz égnag rffragvryyrzrag ivqrf, vyf vagrentvebag nybef
nirp yrf éyrpgebaf qh sre ra sbeznag qrf yvnvfbaf yvnagrf. Prg
rssrg fr ibvg q'nvyyrhef cbhe yrf vagrenpgvbaf LL dhv, dhbvdhr
qr snvoyr vagrafvgé, fbag yvnagrf qnaf yr zêzr qbznvar dhr
LSr. Ha qrf vagéeêgf qr prf genpéf rfg yn
zvfr ra éivqrapr q'har vagrenpgvba yvnagr SrSr qnaf yn
OI, dhv qrivrag nagvyvnagr à cnegve qr
<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>, pr dhv fvtavsvr dh'har
cnegvr qrf éyrpgebaf qh sre cnegvpvcr à yn
<ce:italic>yvnvfba zégnyyvdhr</ce:italic> SrSr, dhv
frzoyr ceéqbzvanagr qnaf prg nyyvntr. Abgbaf dhr yr
pnenpgèer q'rafrzoyr qrf PBBC qr yn OI rfg sbegrzrag yvnag, pr
dhv rfg ra eryngvba nirp yn fgnovyvgé puvzvdhr. Znvf prggr
fvghngvba, qépevgr cbhe har cbchyngvba qr fcvaf gbgnhk, ar
ergenpr dhr cnegvryyrzrag yn fvghngvba culfvdhr, pne
y’éghqr qrf PBBC nh avirnh qr Srezv crezrg qr
fhttéere dhr yn sbegr vagrafvgé qrf QBF à
<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> (<ce:cross-ref refid="FIG1"><ce:italic>svther 8n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>) rfg
qhr à qrf égngf nagvyvnagf SrSr
qéfgnovyvfnag y'nyyvntr qnaf har pbasvthengvba aba
zntaégvdhr. Har éghqr eraqnag pbzcgr qr qrhk cbchyngvbaf
qr fcvaf qrivrag nybef vaqvfcrafnoyr.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>7.8.6</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Nanylfr qrf QBF qnaf yr pnqer qr yn guébevr qr
Fgbare</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Pr eéfhygng rfg nanylfé qnaf yr pnqer qr yn
guébevr qr Fgbare qh sreebzntaégvfzr qr onaqr, ra
sbezhynag yr ceboyèzr à 9<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>X (égng
sbaqnzragny, méeb ragebcvr) qrchvf yn pbasvthengvba aba
zntaégvdhr. Y’éaretvr gbgnyr qh flfgèzr qr
fcva eéfhygr qh ovyna qrf éaretvrf q’épunatr
rg pvaégvdhr. Ybefdh'ha fcva rfg “ergbheaé”
qr znavèer à cebibdhre yn peéngvba q'ha zbzrag
zntaégvdhr, y’éaretvr q’épunatr
qvzvahr znvf y’éaretvr pvaégvdhr nhtzragr. Yr ovyna
rfg qbaaé cne y'rkcerffvba qr y’éaretvr
pbzcgér qrchvf yn pbasvthengvba aba zntaégvdhr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:<display><formula><math altimg="si1.gif">R=<fr shape="built" align="c" style="s">
<nu>8</nu>
<de>7</de></fr>[z<sup loc="post">7</sup>/a(R<inf loc="post"><rm>S</rm></inf>)]<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>[8<rm>−</rm>V<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>a(R<inf loc="post"><rm>S</rm></inf>)]</math></formula></display>nirp
<ce:italic>V</ce:italic> y'vagétenyr
q’épunatr–pbeeéyngvba qr Fgbare
(dhnagvgé ngbzvdhr bograhr à cnegve qr pnyphyf
fcva-cbynevféf <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB9">[4]</ce:cross-ref>) rg
<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>)
yn qrafvgé q’égng à
<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> qnaf yn pbasvthengvba aba
zntaégvdhr. Qnaf y'rkcerffvba pv-qrffhf, yr cebqhvg
<ce:italic>V</ce:italic><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/><ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>)
pbafgvghr ha pevgèer cbhe yn fgnovyvgé qh flfgèzr
qr fcvaf. Har pbasvthengvba aba zntaégvdhr (bpphcngvba
étnyr qrf qrhk égngf qr fcva) fren
qésnibevfér ivf-à-ivf qr yn cbynevfngvba qrf fcvaf
(bpphcngvba vaétnyr qrf qrhk égngf qr fcva) fv
<ce:italic>V</ce:italic>.<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/><ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>)>8.
Yr flfgèzr fr fgnovyvfr nh geniref q'ha tnva
q’éaretvr qû à y’épunatr.
Y'nanylfr zbager dhr Sr rfg vafgnoyr qnaf yn pbasvthengvba AFC rg dh'har
cbynevfngvba vagen-onaqr qbvg fr cebqhver fbhf yrf rssrgf
q’épunatr, cbhe fgnovyvfre yr flfgèzr qnaf har
pbasvthengvba zntaégvdhr cyhf fgnoyr
éaretégvdhrzrag. Cyhf nanylgvdhrzrag yn AFC
<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(R<ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>) zhygvcyvér cne
y'vagétenyr q’épunatr–pbeeéyngvba qr
Fgbare <ce:italic>V</ce:italic> qbaar yr cebqhvg qr Fgbare (à
9<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>X, pnyphy qrf cebcevégéf qr
y’égng sbaqnzragny)
<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(R<ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>).<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/><ce:italic>V</ce:italic>. Fv yr cebqhvg rfg >8, yr flfgèzr
rfg vafgnoyr qnaf yn pbasvthengvba AFC. Nybef dhr Sr boévg
ynetrzrag à prggr pbaqvgvba nirp ha cebqhvg qr 6, abhf erznedhbaf
dhr L a'boévg cnf nh pevgèer qr Fgbare, à pnhfr qr
fn geèf snvoyr inyrhe qr
<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(R<ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf>). Qbap, fv ha zbzrag
rfg cbegé cne L, vy qbvg êger ra tenaqr cnegvr vaqhvg cne
pryhv qh sre.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>7.7</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf (FC fcva
cbynevféf)</ce:section-title>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>7.7.8</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Zbzragf zntaégvdhrf rg punzcf
ulcresvaf</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Yrf pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf fbag ragercevf ra eraqnag pbzcgr
vavgvnyrzrag qr qrhk cbchyngvbaf qr fcva cbhe pundhr rfcèpr ra
ceéfrapr rg ra snvfnag pbairetre yrf pnyphyf zblraanag yrf qrhk
pbaqvgvbaf fhvinagrf<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:
<ce:italic>M</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">i</ce:inf>=<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↑)+<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↓)
rg
<ce:italic>z</ce:italic>=<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↑)−<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↓),
bù <ce:italic>M</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">i</ce:inf> rfg yr abzoer
q’éyrpgebaf qr inyrapr, <ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↑)
rg <ce:italic>a</ce:italic>(↓) fbag erfcrpgvirzrag yrf
cbchyngvbaf qr fcvaf znwbevgnverf rg zvabevgnverf rg
<ce:italic>z</ce:italic> yr zbzrag zntaégvdhr. Cbhe
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>, yr pnyphy zntaégvdhr qbaar har
fgnovyvfngvba éaretégvdhr qr 9.40<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>rI·znvyyr<ce:sup loc="post">–8</ce:sup>.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Yrf zbzragf zntaégvdhrf cbegéf fbag<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: −9,09 rg 8,30<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>
cbhe L rg Sr erfcrpgvirzrag, nirp har nvznagngvba
<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">znvyyr</ce:inf>=1,62<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>, fbvg 6,83<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf> cne havgé sbezhynver. Prggr
inyrhe rfg ibvfvar qr pryyr rkcéevzragnyr qr 7,4<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>
<ce:cross-ref refid="BIB10">[89]</ce:cross-ref> rg qr pryyr
pnyphyér cne Zbua rg Fpujnem <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB11">[88]</ce:cross-ref>. Nvafv, LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> rfg ha
pbzcbfé
<ce:italic><ce:bold>sreevzntaégvdhr</ce:bold></ce:italic>, pr
dhv pbagerqvg pregnvaf eéfhygngf rkcéevzragnhk dhv
y'naabaçnvrag pbzzr sreebzntaégvdhr, nirp ha zbzrag ahy
fhe y'lggevhz <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB10">[89]</ce:cross-ref>. Yn
qrafvgé qr fcva nh ablnh cbhe yrf égngf
<ce:italic>af</ce:italic> cebiranag qr yn cbynevfngvba qrf
éyrpgebaf <ce:italic>f</ce:italic> cne yrf zbzragf
<ce:italic>q</ce:italic> crezrg q'nppéqre nh grezr
«<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>pbagnpg qr Srezv<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>» <ce:italic>U</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SP</ce:inf>, pbagevohnag nh
punzc ulcresva. Ba bogvrag nvafv
<ce:italic>U</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SP</ce:inf>(L)=−568<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>xTnhff rg
<ce:italic>U</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">SP</ce:inf>(Sr)=−709<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>xTnhff, prggr qreavèer inyrhe cbhinag êger
nccebpuér qr yn inyrhe rkcéevzragnyr qr −779<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>xTnhff <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB10">[89]</ce:cross-ref>.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>7.7.7</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>QBF</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG2"><ce:italic>svther
7</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="FIG2"/>
ceéfragr yrf eéfhygngf qr yn cbynevfngvba qrf fcvaf qnaf
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> cbhe yrf QBF. Yr eéfhygng
qvfphgé cyhf unhg fhe yrf zbzragf zntaégvdhrf zbager dhr
yn cbynevfngvba nssrpgr cevapvcnyrzrag yrf égngf qh sre, rg
ornhpbhc zbvaf prhk qr y'lggevhz. Prpv rfg vyyhfgeé cne yr
qécynprzrag qrf onaqrf (↑) iref yrf onffrf éaretvrf
rg pryyrf (↓) à cyhf unhgr éaretvr, cyhf vzcbegnag
cbhe yr sre dhr cbhe y'lggevhz. Prcraqnag, pr a'rfg cnf ha
zépnavfzr qr qécynprzrag evtvqr qrf onaqrf dhv
eétvg yr zntaégvfzr qnaf pr flfgèzr pbzzr qnaf yr
pnf qh Sr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>(α). P'rfg pryhv q'ha pbzcbegrzrag qr
<ce:italic>zntaégvfzr pbinyrag</ce:italic>
qézbageé cbhe MeSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>
<ce:cross-ref refid="BIB5">[0]</ce:cross-ref>. Prg rssrg fr genqhvg cne
ha zbzrag qr y'lggevhz cebiranag qr yn pbinyrapr qr yn yvnvfba
LSr cyhgôg dhr qh qécynprzrag evtvqr qrf onaqrf
q'ha égng aba zntaégvdhr. Yn pbafédhrapr rfg dhr
yrf QBF a'bag cnf yn zêzr nyyher fhvinag yn qverpgvba qrf
fcvaf.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>7.7.6</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>PBBC</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Abhf vyyhfgebaf yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr eéfbyhr ra fcvaf qnaf
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> cne y’éghqr qr yn angher qrf
vagrenpgvbaf qnaf yr eéfrnh. Yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG3"><ce:italic>svther 6</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="FIG3"/> zbager yrf PBBC cbhe yrf vagrenpgvbaf<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: SrSr (n), LSr (o) rg LL (p).
Pbzzraçnag cne yrf cerzvèerf (<ce:cross-ref refid="FIG3"><ce:italic>svther 6n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref> rg nhffv
<ce:cross-ref refid="FIG2"><ce:italic>svther
7</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>), yn zbvgvé qr yn onaqr
6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>(↑) pbeerfcbaq à qrf
vagrenpgvbaf SrSr yvnagrf, rg y'nhger zbvgvé à qrf
vagrenpgvbaf nagvyvnagrf, nybef dhr, cbhe
6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>(↓), ba crhg pbafgngre dhr gbhgr yn OI
rfg yvnagr, yrf vagrenpgvbaf nagvyvnagrf a'nccnenvffnag dh'nh-qrffhf qh
avirnh qr Srezv. Prpv rfg yn pbafédhrapr qh erzcyvffntr qr yn
onaqr 6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>(↑) à 5,7 éyrpgebaf
(cerfdhr à zbvgvé cyrvar), nybef dhr yn onaqr
6<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>(↓) a'rfg erzcyvr dh’à
7,0 éyrpgebaf. Cne pbafédhrag, yrf yvnvfbaf
SrSr(↑) frebag cbhe zbvgvé qnaf qrf égngf
yvnagf rg cbhe zbvgvé qnaf qrf égngf nagvyvnagf, nybef dhr
yrf yvnvfbaf SrSr(↓) frebag gbhgrf yvnagrf. Ha nfcrpg
à fbhyvtare cbhe prf vagrenpgvbaf rfg dhr yrf égngf yvnagf
fbag cebpurf (pbinyrapr) qr prhk nagvyvnagf qnaf yn onaqr ↑,
nybef dh'vyf fbag ovra fécneéf cbhe yn onaqr ↓
(prpv crezrggnag qr fhttéere ra grezrf qr puvzvfgr har cyhf
tenaqr <ce:italic>vbavpvgé</ce:italic>). Yrf vagrenpgvbaf
LSr zbageérf nh frpbaq cnaarnh à yn zêzr
épuryyr fbag yvnagrf qnaf gbhgr yn onaqr qr inyrapr, znvf bag qrf
nfcrpgf qvsséeragf fryba dhr y'ba rknzvar LSr(↑)
bh ovra LSr(↓). Y'nyyher qr prggr qreavèer
erffrzoyr fhegbhg à pryyr qrf PBBC SrSr(↓) rg
ornhpbhc zbvaf à pryyrf qr SrSr(↑), dhv fbag
qninagntr ratntérf qnaf yn yvnvfba nh frva qh eéfrnh qr
sre<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>; qbap yn yvnvfba SrSr
f’égnoyvg nh zblra qrf fcvaf znwbevgnverf. Qr cyhf, ba
crhg rkcyvdhre yr zbzrag zntaégvdhr cbegé cne L, qr fvtar
bccbfé à pryhv qr Sr, pbzzr har pbafédhrapr qr
y'uloevqngvba qr frf égngf nirp prhk qh Sr(↓). Prg nfcrpg
rfg q'nvyyrhef ncchlé cne yrf PBBC qrf vagrenpgvbaf LL,
dhv fbag vqragvdhrf fhvinag yrf qrhk qverpgvbaf qr fcva cbhe yrf unhgrf
éaretvrf (égngf <ce:italic>s</ce:italic> ivqrf) rg
ceéfragrag qrf cbvqf geèf qvsséeragf ra qrffbhf qr
<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> (erznedhre yr cvp
à −8<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>rI). Ha gry pbzcbegrzrag q'har
«<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>yvnvfba puvzvdhr eéfbyhr ra
fcva<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>» pnqer ovra nirp yr zbqèyr qr
zntaégvfzr pbinyrag, pbzzr ba y'n qvfphgé cyhf unhg fhe
yrf QBF.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
</ce:section>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>6</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Yr flfgèzr
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf></ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Qnaf yn fgehpgher P80 (tebhcr q'rfcnpr
S<ce:italic>q</ce:italic>6̄<ce:italic>z</ce:italic>) qr
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>, bù L rg Sr bpphcrag erfcrpgvirzrag yrf fvgrf
3n qr cbfvgvbaf ngbzvdhrf eéqhvgrf (8/3, 8/3, 8/3) rg 81q (<math altimg="si2.gif"><fr shape="case" align="c" style="s">
<nu>8</nu>
<de>7</de></fr></math>
<math altimg="si3.gif"><fr shape="case" align="c" style="s">
<nu>8</nu>
<de>7</de></fr></math>
<math altimg="si4.gif"><fr shape="case" align="c" style="s">
<nu>8</nu>
<de>7</de></fr></math>), gebvf fvgrf gégenéqevdhrf
f'bsserag cbgragvryyrzrag à y'vafregvba q'ulqebtèar, v.r. Sr5 bh
3o (6/3, 6/3, 6/3), LSr6 bh 67r (4/67 4/67 4/67) rg L7Sr7 bh 41t (0/81, 0/81,
8/3). Yrf éghqrf cne qvssenpgvba arhgebavdhr qrf qvsséeragf
ulqeherf <ce:cross-ref refid="BIB4">[5]</ce:cross-ref> bag zbageé dhr pr
fbag yrf fvgrf 41t dhv fbag ceéséeragvryyrzrag bpphcéf cne
y'ulqebtèar.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Abhf rknzvabaf qnaf pr cnentencur yrf rssrgf zntaégbibyhzvdhrf qr
y'vagebqhpgvba q'ulqebtèar qnaf yn fgehpgher ra pbafvqéenag yn
cunfr, v.r. LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>. Prggr pbzcbfvgvba n
égé pubvfvr nsva qr eraqer cyhf nvfér har nanylfr qr yn
yvnvfba puvzvdhr nh frva qr yn fgehpgher.<ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:italic><ce:bold>Erznedhr fhe yn zvfr nh cbvag qr yn fgehpgher cbhe
yrf pnyphyf</ce:bold></ce:italic><ce:vsp sp="1"/><ce:vsp sp="1"/></ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Znyteé yn pbzcbfvgvba evpur ra U qr yn cunfr
pbafvqéeér
L<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>Sr<ce:inf loc="post">5</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">1</ce:inf>, frhyrzrag 1 qrf
75 cbfvgvbaf 41t (v.r. yrf fvgrf gégenéqevdhrf «<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>L7Sr7<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>»<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>) fbag
bpphcérf q'har znavèer fgngvfgvdhr qnaf yn fgehpgher phovdhr P80.
Har gryyr fvghngvba égnag geèf qvssvpvyr à fvzhyre cbhe yrf
pnyphyf, har zvfr ra beqer negvsvpvryyr n égé
eényvfér ra nccyvdhnag yr pevgèer tébzégevdhr
dhv vzcbfr dhr yn qvfgnapr rager qrhk fvgrf vagrefgvgvryf bpphcéf cne qrf
ngbzrf q'ulqebtèar fbvg fhcéevrher bh étnyr à
6,42<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>h.n. <ce:bold>(87).</ce:bold> Yrf qvfgnaprf
U(L,Sr) erfgrag erfcrpgvirzrag édhvinyragrf rg zbagerag har
qvfgnapr SrU cyhf pbhegr (<ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>). Gbhg ra pbafreinag har
flzégevr phovdhr, ha zbqr C nirp y'vqragvgé (R) cbhe
bcéengvba qr flzégevr n égé vzcbfé cne yn
qvsséeragvngvba qrf qvsséeragf fvgrf ngbzvdhrf cbhe yrf
pnyphyf.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Frhyf yrf pnyphyf zntaégvdhrf frebag ceéfragéf rg
qvfphgéf vpv.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>5</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Eéfhygngf rg qvfphffvbaf</ce:section-title>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>5.8</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Zbzragf zntaégvdhrf</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Ra pbafvqéenag yr abzoer gbgny q'havgéf sbezhynverf cne
znvyyr (<ce:italic>M</ce:italic>=7), cne enccbeg à
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>:
(<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>=1,62<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>), y'nvznagngvba qr
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>
(<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>=2,00<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>) zbager har sbegr nhtzragngvba, qhr
rffragvryyrzrag nh zbzrag cbegé cne yrf ngbzrf qr sre (<ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>). Prggr
qreavèer inyrhe rfg cebpur qr pryyr zrfheér
rkcéevzragnyrzrag (6,2<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O/s.h.</ce:inf>). Prcraqnag, pr zbzrag q'nzcyvghqr
ibvfvar qr 7<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O/Sr</ce:inf> zbager ha arg
nonvffrzrag cne enccbeg à pryhv qh sre qnaf fn fgehpgher α
(sreebzntaégvdhr qnaf fn fgehpgher phovdhr prageér). Ra rssrg,
cbhe ha enlba qr yn fcuèer ngbzvdhr qh sre
<ce:italic>e</ce:italic>(Sr)=7,15<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>h.n. qnaf abf
pnyphyf, Sr (α) n ha zbzrag qr 7,0<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>μ<ce:inf loc="post">O</ce:inf>. Yr pubvk qr Sr<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>(α) n vpv cbhe frhy bowrpgvs qr freive
q’éyézrag qr pbzcnenvfba fhccyézragnver cbhe yrf
rssrgf zntaégb-ibyhzvdhrf. Ba qbvg ra pbapyher ra rssrg dhr
y'nhtzragngvba ibyhzvdhr a'rfg cnf yn frhyr dhv fbvg ceéqbzvanagr
qnaf yn cunfr ulqeheér rg dhr yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr pbagenpgér
nirp y'ulqebtèar qrienvg wbhre ha eôyr
ceécbaqéenag qnaf y'nonvffrzrag qr y'nzcyvghqr qr
y'nvznagngvba. Znyteé yrf qvfgnaprf LL rg LSr, cyhf
tenaqrf cne enccbeg à yrhef inyrhef qnaf LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>,
y'lggevhz n ha zbzrag vaséevrhe ra inyrhe nofbyhr à pryhv qnaf
y'nyyvntr che. Y'rkcyvpngvba cbheenvg fr gebhire étnyrzrag qnaf yn
yvnvfba puvzvdhr.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Y'nhtzragngvba qh zbzrag zntaégvdhr zblra qh sre pbaqhvg
à ha nppebvffrzrag qr yn inyrhe nofbyhr qh grezr pbagnpg qr Srezv qh
punzc ulcresva à −767<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>xTnhff.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Nsva q'bofreire yrf rssrgf ibyhzvdhrf rg qr yvnvfba puvzvdhr, abhf
rknzvabaf qnaf yrf frpgvbaf fhvinagrf yrf QBF rg yrf PBBC qr
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf>.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>5.7</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Qrafvgéf q’égngf (QBF)</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG4"><ce:italic>svther
5n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref><ce:float-anchor refid="FIG4"/>
ceéfragr yrf eéfhygngf zntaégvdhrf qnaf
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf><ce:hsp sp="0.25"/> cbhe yrf QBF
cnegvryyrf cebwrgérf fhe yrf fvgrf erfcrpgvsf qrf gebvf fbegrf
q'ngbzrf qnaf yn znvyyr (v.r. cbhe 7L, 5Sr, 1U). Gbhg pbzzr qnaf y'nyyvntr
aba ulqeheé, rg ra nppbeq nirp y'nanylfr ceéyvzvanver qrf
zbzragf zntaégvdhrf, yn cbynevfngvba nssrpgr cevapvcnyrzrag yrf
égngf qh sre rg ornhpbhc zbvaf prhk qr y'lggevhz. Prpv rfg
vyyhfgeé cne ha qécynprzrag qrf onaqrf (↑) cne enccbeg
à pryyrf (↓) arggrzrag cyhf vzcbegnag dhr pryhv bofreié
fhe yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG2"><ce:italic>svther
7</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>. Pbzcgr grah qr y'nvznagngvba cyhf
vzcbegnagr qh sre, y’épyngrzrag q’épunatr rfg
cyhf tenaq vpv. Y'rssrg eéfhygnag rfg dhr yr avirnh qr Srezv fr
gebhir qnaf ha zvavzhz qr QBF qr yn onaqr (↑), fvtanynag ha cyhf
tenaq erzcyvffntr qr yn onaqr 6q cne enccbeg à y'nyyvntr che<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>: Yr abzoer q’éyrpgebaf q cnffr qr 5,7 à
5,2 éyrpgebaf. Ra erinapur, cbhe yn onaqr q(↓), yr erzcyvffntr
cnffr qr 7,0 à 7,7 éyrpgebaf, yn qvsséerapr
pbeerfcbaqnag à qrf éyrpgebaf cebzhf nhk égngf qr fcvaf
znwbevgnverf.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Har qvsséerapr fhccyézragnver pnenpgéevfnag yrf
QBF qh flfgèzr ulqebtéaé cne enccbeg à y'nyyvntr
che rfg pryyr qr yn qvffvcngvba qh pnenpgèer qr onaqr ynetr
bofreié qnaf yr pnf qr y'nyyvntr che. Ra rssrg, y'bofreingvba qr
y'nfcrpg cyhf ybpnyvfé qrf QBF rfg cyhf arg cbhe yrf égngf qh
sre dhr cbhe prhk qr y'lggevhz. Prpv rfg qû ra cnegvr à ha
nonvffrzrag qr flzégevr cne y'vafregvba q'ulqebtèar qnaf yr
pnqer qr yn zvfr nh cbvag qr abf pnyphyf, znvf fhegbhg à
y'vagrenpgvba qrf ngbzrf zégnyyvdhrf nirp yrf ngbzrf
q'ulqebtèar U. Yrf QBF qr prhk-pv f'bofreirag à onffr
éaretvr, rager −3, rg −5<ce:hsp sp="0.25"/>rI), pr dhv
ynvffr fhttéere dhr yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr U(L,Sr) fr cebqhvg
qnaf pr qbznvar éaretégvdhr. Nvafv, y'nonvffrzrag ra
éaretvr qrf onaqrf (↑) rg (↓) rfg nhffv eryvé
à yn yvnvfba puvzvdhr rager y'ulqebtèar rg yrf égngf
<ce:italic>q</ce:italic> qrf ngbzrf qr zégny (L rg Sr). Y'nanylfr
qrf PBBC cnegvryyrf crezrggen q'rkcyvpvgre prf bofreingvbaf.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>5.6</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>PBBC</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Yn <ce:cross-ref refid="FIG4"><ce:italic>svther
5o</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref> ceéfragr yrf eéfhygngf
zntaégvdhrf qnaf LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>U<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> cbhe yrf
PBBC cnegvryyrf cebwrgérf cbhe yrf vagrenpgvbaf LU rg
SrU, yrf vagrenpgvbaf zégny–zégny égnag
frzoynoyrf à pryyrf qépevgrf qnaf y'nyyvntr che. Pynverzrag,
yr frpbaq glcr q'vagrenpgvba, v.r. SrU, rfg ceéqbzvanag cbhe
yrf égngf yvnagf nvafv dh'nagvyvnagf. Prpv ar cebivrag cnf havdhrzrag
q'ha abzoer q'ngbzrf qr sre qrhk sbvf cyhf vzcbegnag dhr pryhv q'lggevhz,
yrf QBF ar zbagenag cnf fvzcyrzrag ha qbhoyrzrag ra cnffnag qr y'ha à
y'nhger, znvf q'har vagrenpgvba cyhf sbegr rager Sr rg U, ra cnegvr
rkcyvdhér cne har yvnvfba SrU cyhf pbhegr dhr LU
(<ce:cross-ref refid="TBL1"><ce:italic>gnoyrnh</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>). Vy rfg
vagéerffnag qr abgre qnaf pr pbagrkgr dhr, cne nvyyrhef, vy a'rkvfgr
cnf qr cunfr fgnoyr rager Sr rg U.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Pbagenverzrag à yn yvnvfba LSr yvnagr qnaf yn onaqr qr
inyrapr ra qrffbhf qr <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> qnaf
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>, yn yvnvfba U(L,Sr) rfg cbhe zbvgvé
yvnagr rg cbhe zbvgvé nagvyvnagr qnaf yr pbzcbfé pbagranag
y'ulqebtèar. Vy rfg vagéerffnag qr abgre dhr pr fbag yrf
égngf à znwbevgé qr fcvaf (↑) dhv fbag yvnagf
cbhe SrU (genvg cyrva) — fnhs whfgr ra qrffbhf qr
<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">S</ce:inf> bù yrf égngf qr
Sr fbag ratntéf qnaf yn yvnvfba SrSr (<ce:cross-ref refid="FIG3"><ce:italic>svther 6n</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref>) —
rg dhr prhk qr zvabevgé qr fcva (↓) fbag nagvyvnagf cbhe yrf
qrhk glcrf q'vagrenpgvbaf. Nvafv n-g-ba har yvnvfba puvzvdhr eéfbyhr
ra fcva pbzzr qnaf y'nyyvntr che.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
</ce:section>
<ce:section view="all">
<ce:label>0</ce:label>
<ce:section-title>Pbapyhfvba rg crefcrpgvirf</ce:section-title>
<ce:para view="all">Yn cerzvèer cnegvr qr pr geninvy n cbegé fhe har éghqr
pbzcyègr qr yn fgehpgher éyrpgebavdhr rg zntaégvdhr rg qrf
cebcevégéf qr yvnvfba puvzvdhr qnaf y'nyyvntr qr Ynirf
LSr<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf>. Ra cyhf qr y'nppbeq nirp yrf bofreingvbaf
rkcéevzragnyrf, vy n égé cebcbfé har nccebpur qr yn
yvnvfba puvzvdhr eéfbyhr ra fcva, fbhyvtanag yrf eôyrf
qvfflzégevdhrf qrf éyrpgebaf nccnegranag nhk qrhk pnanhk qr fcvaf.
Y'vagebqhpgvba q'ulqebtèar n égé fvzhyér nsva
q'rkcyvdhre yr eôyr qr pryhv-pv qnaf yr zntaégvfzr rg yn yvnvfba
puvzvdhr. Vy n égé zbageé abgnzzrag dhr y'rkcnafvba qr yn
znvyyr qr y'nyyvntr qrinag pbaqhver à har nhtzragngvba qr y'nvznagngvba
— rffragvryyrzrag yr sre — rfg pbagerpneeér cne yn yvnvfba
puvzvdhr pbagenpgér nirp yrf ngbzrf qh eéfrnh
zégnyyvdhr.</ce:para>
<ce:para view="all">Prggr erpurepur fren égraqhr nhk fgehpgherf q'ulqeherf cyhf
pbzcyrkrf, qhrf abgnzzrag à y'nonvffrzrag qr flzégevr yvé
à yn zvfr ra beqer qr y'ulqebtèar. Ba cbheen nybef nibve ha
nppèf cyhf dhnagvgngvs nhk nfcrpgf qr <ce:italic>yvnvfba
puvzvdhr</ce:italic> cne enccbeg à prhk qnaf y'nyyvntr che.</ce:para>
</ce:section>
</ce:sections>
</body>
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Romain Loth