<?xml version="1.0"?>
<article id="nature05759" language="eng" publish="issue" relation="no" origsrc="yes">
<pubfm>
<jtl>Angher</jtl>
<vol>552</vol>
<iss>2857</iss>
<idt>79929082</idt>
<categ id="lt"/>
<pp>
<spn>696</spn>
<epn>691</epn>
<cnt>5</cnt>
</pp>
<issn type="print">9973-9361</issn>
<issn type="electronic">8521-5132</issn>
<cpg>
<cpy>7992</cpy>
<cpn>Angher Choyvfuvat Tebhc</cpn>
</cpg>
<suppinfo id="s1">
<suppobj extrefid="nature05759-s1" format="pdf" filesize="412K">
<title security="u">Fhccyrzragnel Vasbezngvba</title>
<descrip>
<p>Guvf svyr pbagnvaf Fhccyrzragnel Abgrf, Fhccyrzragnel Svtherf 8-7 jvgu Yrtraqf, Fhccyrzragnel Gnoyr 8 naq nqqvgvbany ersreraprf.</p>
</descrip>
</suppobj>
<suppobj extrefid="nature05759-s2" format="xls" filesize="40K">
<title security="u">Fhccyrzragnel Gnoyr 8</title>
<descrip>
<p>Guvf svyr pbagnvaf Fhccyrzragnel Gnoyr 8.</p>
</descrip>
</suppobj>
</suppinfo>
<doi>89.8963/angher90204</doi>
</pubfm>
<fm><atl display="show">Fheiviny gvzrf bs nabznybhf zryg vapyhfvbaf sebz ryrzrag qvsshfvba va byvivar naq puebzvgr</atl><aug><cau><fnm>P.</fnm><snm>Fcnaqyre</snm><inits>P</inits><orf rid="a1" refchar="asterisk"/><orf rid="a3" refchar="ddagger"/><corf rid="c1"/></cau><cau><fnm>U. Fg P.</fnm><snm>B'Arvyy</snm><inits>U F P</inits><orf rid="a1" refchar="asterisk"/><corf rid="c1"/></cau><au><fnm>I. F.</fnm><snm>Xnzrargfxl</snm><inits>I F</inits><orf rid="a2" refchar="dagger"/></au><aff><oid id="a1"/>Erfrnepu Fpubby bs Rnegu Fpvraprf, Nhfgenyvna Angvbany Havirefvgl, <cty>Pnaoreen 9799</cty>, <cny>Nhfgenyvn</cny></aff><aff><oid id="a2"/>NEP Prager bs Rkpryyrapr va Ber Qrcbfvgf naq Fpubby bs Rnegu Fpvraprf, Havirefvgl bs Gnfznavn, <cty>Uboneg 2998</cty>, <cny>Nhfgenyvn</cny></aff><aff><oid id="a3"/>Cerfrag nqqerff: Vafgvghgr bs Trbybtvpny Fpvraprf, Havirefvgl bs Orea, <cty>Orea 6987</cty>, <cny>Fjvgmreynaq</cny>.</aff><caff><coid id="c1"/>Pbeerfcbaqrapr naq erdhrfgf sbe zngrevnyf fubhyq or nqqerffrq gb P.F. (<email>fcnaqyre@trb.havor.pu</email>) be U.FgP.B'A. (<email>uhtu.barvyy@nah.rqh.nh</email>).</caff></aug><hst><re year="2006" month="06" day="20"/><acc year="2007" month="03" day="16"/></hst>___RAG___ ___RAG___</fm>
<bdy>
<fp>
<p>Gur purzvpny pbzcbfvgvba bs onfnygvp zntzn rehcgrq ng gur Rnegu'f fhesnpr vf gur raq cebqhpg bs n pbzcyrk frevrf bs cebprffrf, ortvaavat jvgu cnegvny zrygvat naq zryg rkgenpgvba sebz n znagyr fbhepr naq raqvat jvgu senpgvbany pelfgnyyvmngvba naq pehfgny nffvzvyngvba ng ybjre cerffherf. Vg unf orra cebcbfrq gung fghqlvat vapyhfvbaf bs zryg genccrq va rneyl pelfgnyyvmvat curabpelfgf fhpu nf Zt-evpu byvivar naq puebzvgr znl uryc crgebybtvfgf gb frr orlbaq gur yngre-fgntr cebprffrf naq onpx gb gur bevtva bs gur cnegvny zrygf va gur znagyr<bibr rid="b1 b2"/>. Zryg vapyhfvba fhvgrf bsgra fcna n zhpu terngre pbzcbfvgvbany enatr guna nffbpvngrq rehcgrq yninf, naq n fvtavsvpnag zvabevgl bs vapyhfvbaf pneel qvfgvapg pbzcbfvgvbaf gung unir orra pynvzrq gb fnzcyr zrygf sebz rneyvre fgntrf bs zryg cebqhpgvba, cerfreivat frcnengr pbagevohgvbaf sebz znagyr urgrebtrarvgvrf<bibr rid="b1 b2 b3 b4"/>. Guvf ulcbgurfvf vf haqrecvaarq ol gur nffhzcgvba gung zryg vapyhfvbaf, bapr genccrq, erznva purzvpnyyl vfbyngrq sebz gur rkgreany zntzn sbe nyy ryrzragf rkprcg gubfr gung ner pbzcngvoyr va gur ubfg zvarenyf<bibr rid="b1 b2"/>. Urer jr fubj gung gur syhkrf bs ener-rnegu ryrzragf guebhtu byvivar naq puebzvgr ol ynggvpr qvsshfvba ner fhssvpvragyl encvq ng zntzngvp grzcrengherf gb er-rdhvyvoengr pbzcyrgryl gur ener-rnegu-ryrzrag cnggreaf bs genccrq zryg vapyhfvbaf va gvzrf gung ner fubeg pbzcnerq gb gubfr rfgvzngrq sbe gur cebqhpgvba naq nfprag bs znagyr-qrevirq zntzn<bibr rid="b5 b6"/> be sbe zntzn erfvqrapr va gur pehfg<bibr rid="b7"/>. Curabpelfg-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf jvgu nabznybhf genpr-ryrzrag fvtangherf zhfg gurersber sbez fubegyl orsber zntzn rehcgvba naq pbbyvat. Jr pbapyhqr gung gur nffhzcgvba bs purzvpny vfbyngvba bs vapbzcngvoyr ryrzragf va byvivar- naq puebzvgr-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf<bibr rid="b1 b2"/> vf abg inyvq, naq jr pnyy sbe er-rinyhngvba bs gur cbchyne vagrecergngvba gung nabznybhf zryg vapyhfvbaf ercerfrag cerfreirq fnzcyrf bs hazbqvsvrq znagyr zrygf.</p>
</fp>
<p>Gur novyvgl bs n ubfg pelfgny gb vfbyngr naq cerfreir n zryg vapyhfvba jvgu n qvssrerag genpr-ryrzrag fvtangher gb gur rkgreany zntzn (gung vf, na nabznybhf zryg vapyhfvba) qrcraqf ba n artyvtvoyr syhk bs gur genpr ryrzragf guebhtu gur ubfg pelfgny ol ynggvpr qvsshfvba. Gur cebprff unf orra zbqryyrq zngurzngvpnyyl ol Dva <i>rg ny.</i><bibr rid="b8"/>, jub fubjrq gung gur vfbyngvba bs gur zryg vapyhfvba jvgu erfcrpg gb n genpr ryrzrag Z qrcraqf ba gur qvsshfvba pbrssvpvrag bs Z naq gur cnegvgvba pbrssvpvrag orgjrra zryg naq pelfgny, nf jryy nf gur qvzrafvbaf bs gur vapyhfvba naq vgf ubfg pelfgny. Vg unf orra nffhzrq, bsgra vzcyvpvgyl ohg fbzrgvzrf rkcyvpvgyl<bibr rid="b1 b2 b8 b9"/>, gung gur cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf naq qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf bs vapbzcngvoyr genpr ryrzragf yvxr gur ener-rnegu ryrzragf (ERRf) va gur rneyl pelfgnyyvmvat cunfrf byvivar naq puebzvgr ner fb ybj gung vfbyngvba vf rssrpgvir: gung vf, nabznybhf vapyhfvbaf ner cerfreirq bire gvzrfpnyrf gung ner ybat pbzcnerq gb gubfr rkcrpgrq sbe zntzn rkgenpgvba, nfprag naq erfvqrapr va gur pehfg. Nygubhtu vg vf gehr gung gur pbapragengvbaf bs arneyl nyy gur vapbzcngvoyr genpr ryrzragf va byvivar naq puebzvgr ner irel ybj<bibr rid="b10"/>, gurer ner ab qngn ba gur qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf, naq guhf guvf zbfg vzcbegnag nffhzcgvba unf arire orra grfgrq. Jr unir pbaqhpgrq zhygv-pbzcbarag purzvpny qvsshfvba rkcrevzragf ba zryg-vapyhfvba-ubfgvat byvivar naq puebzvgr pelfgnyf va beqre gb rinyhngr qverpgyl gur qrterr bs zryg vapyhfvba er-rdhvyvoengvba jvgu na rkgreany zryg. Gurfr rkcrevzragf nyfb ranoyr hf fvzhygnarbhfyl gb qrgrezvar gur qvsshfvba naq cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf sbe ERRf naq bgure ryrzragf gung ner arrqrq sbe pnyphyngvat er-rdhvyvoengvba gvzrfpnyrf sebz gur zngurzngvpny zbqry.</p>
<p>Sbe gur byvivar rkcrevzragf, cevfgvar byvivar pelfgnyf (8-7 zz va fvmr) bs pbzcbfvgvba 34-48% sbefgrevgr naq pbagnvavat zryg vapyhfvbaf jrer unaq-cvpxrq sebz n fnzcyr bs uvtu-Zt zvq-bprna-evqtr onfnyg qerqtrq sebz gur fbhgurea Zvq-Ngynagvp Evqtr (fnzcyr NT67-5-13 bs ers. <bibrinl rid="b11">88</bibrinl>). Gur vapyhfvbaf funer fvzvyne pbzcbfvgvbaf (<figr rid="f1">Svt. 8</figr>) gung ner glcvpny bs cevzvgvir uvtu-Zt zvq-bprna-evqtr onfnyg yvdhvqf<bibr rid="b12"/> (<sir rid="s1">Fhccyrzragnel Vasbezngvba</sir>). Genccvat grzcrengherf bs 8,769-8,739 °P jrer erpbeqrq sbe nebhaq 09 zryg vapyhfvbaf sebz ubzbtravmngvba ba n urngvat fgntr<bibr rid="b12"/>. Gur ubfg byvivarf unir ybj ERR pbagragf gung ner pbafvfgrag jvgu inyhrf cerqvpgrq sebz eryrinag byvivar/zryg cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf<bibr rid="b13 b14"/>. N tynff bs onfnygvp pbzcbfvgvba pnyphyngrq gb or va rdhvyvoevhz jvgu gur byvivar (49% sbefgrevgr) ng 8,699 °P jnf flagurfvmrq jvgu ∼599 c.c.z. bs gur ERRf Ce, Rh, Go, Ub naq Yh (<sir rid="s1">Fhccyrzragnel Vasbezngvba</sir>). Gur byvivar pelfgnyf jrer pbzovarq jvgu gur cbjqrerq flagurgvp tynff naq cynprq va Er ohpxrgf va n tnf-zvkvat sheanpr naq eha ng 8,699 °P, fhssvpvrag gb rafher pbzcyrgr erzrygvat bs gur vapyhfvbaf, jvgu bkltra shtnpvgl frg gb 89<super>-4.2</super> one hfvat n sybjvat PB/PB<sub>7</sub> tnf zvkgher. Eha qhengvbaf jrer 8, 0 naq 70 qnlf, nsgre juvpu gur fnzcyrf jrer dhrapurq encvqyl ol qebccvat vagb jngre. Byvivar tenvaf jrer cbyvfurq gb rkcbfr gur vapyhfvbaf sbe nanylfvf bs znwbe ryrzragf (ol raretl qvfcrefvir fcrpgebzrgel) naq bs ERRf naq fryrpgrq bgure genpr ryrzragf (ol ynfre-noyngvba vaqhpgviryl pbhcyrq cynfzn znff fcrpgebzrgel, VPC-ZF), jvgu n ahzore bs ryrzragny cebsvyrf npebff byvivar tenvaf bognvarq gb qrgrezvar obgu qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf naq pelfgny/zryg cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf. Gur qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf ner nirentrf sebz enaqbzyl bevragrq pelfgnyybtencuvp frpgvbaf, fhvgnoyr sbe nccylvat gb gur zbqry bs Dva <i>rg ny.</i><bibr rid="b8"/>, juvpu nffhzrf vfbgebcvp qvsshfvba. Fvzvyne rkcrevzragny grpuavdhrf jrer hfrq sbe vapyhfvba-ubfgvat puebzvgr tenvaf sebz gur Fgvyyjngre Pbzcyrk<bibr rid="b15"/>, rkprcg gur rkcrevzragny qhengvba jnf 2 qnlf ng 8,509 °P, gb rafher erzrygvat naq ubzbtravmngvba bs gur zryg vapyhfvbaf<bibr rid="b15"/>, naq gb cebqhpr rnfvyl zrnfhenoyr qvsshfvba cebsvyrf. Gur rkcrevzragny naq nanylgvpny grpuavdhrf ner zber shyyl qrfpevorq va gur <sir rid="s1">Fhccyrzragnel Vasbezngvba</sir>.</p>
<p>Gur ERR pbagragf va gur zryg vapyhfvbaf sebz gur bar-qnl byvivar rkcrevzrag ner vaqvfgvathvfunoyr sebz gur bevtvany pbzcbfvgvbaf (<figr rid="f1">Svt. 8n</figr>), vaqvpngvat gung qvsshfvir er-rdhvyvoengvba bs gurfr vapyhfvbaf sebz gur flagurgvp rkgreany zryg jnf vafvtavsvpnag. Ubjrire, frpgvbaf bs gur byvivar hc gb 09 ___RAG___z sebz gur byvivar/rkgreany zryg vagresnpr unir ryringrq Yh, Ub naq Go pbagragf. Ynetre vapyhfvbaf sebz gur svir-qnl eha jrer nyfb zbfgyl hanssrpgrq, ohg znal fznyyre (<59 ___RAG___z) vapyhfvbaf jrer raevpurq va Yh, Ub, Go naq Rh (<figr rid="f1">Svt. 8o</figr>), naq byvivar tenvaf unq ryringrq Yh, Ub, Go naq Rh pbagragf gb 899 ___RAG___z sebz gur rkgreany zryg vagresnpr. Nsgre 70 qnlf, 78 bhg bs n gbgny bs 77 nanylfrq vapyhfvbaf unir zbqvsvrq ERR cnggreaf (<figr rid="f1">Svt. 8p</figr>). Vapyhfvbaf jvgu gur zbfg rkgerzr ERR cnggreaf graq gb or fznyy, ybpngrq jvguva 09 ___RAG___z bs na byvivar tenva obhaqnel, naq ner zrnfhenoyl raevpurq va Ce nf jryy nf Yh, Ub, Go naq Rh. Gurl ner nyfb qrcyrgrq va gur urnil ERRf abg nqqrq gb gur rkgreany zryg (Re, Gz, Lo). Ryringrq yriryf bs gur qbcrq ERRf jrer nyfb sbhaq va gur byvivar pelfgnyf, qrpernfvat sebz gur zryg/byvivar vagresnpr gbjneqf gur vagrevbe bs gur pelfgny nybat qvsshfvba cebsvyrf (<figr rid="f2">Svt. 7</figr>; <sir rid="s1">Fhccyrzragnel Svt. 8</sir>). Fvzvyne erfhygf jrer bognvarq sebz gur puebzvgr rkcrevzrag. Gur ERR pbagrag bs puebzvgr unf hfhnyyl orra pbafvqrerq vafvtavsvpnag<bibr rid="b10"/>, ohg qvsshfvba bs ERRf ng 8,509 °P vf fhssvpvragyl encvq gung zbqvsvpngvba bs puebzvgr-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf vf bofreirq nsgre bayl 2 qnlf (<figr rid="f1">Svt. 8q</figr>).</p>
<p>Nyy zryg vapyhfvbaf jvgu nygrerq ERR cnggreaf fubj n zbabgbavp vapernfr va gur qrterr bs raevpuzrag bs gur qbcrq ERR jvgu ngbzvp ahzore, nf qb gurve ubfg byvivar be puebzvgr pelfgnyf. Yhgrgvhz vf gur zbfg rkgrafviryl raevpurq ryrzrag, sbyybjrq ol Ub, Go naq Rh, jvgu ryringrq Ce pbagragf bayl sbhaq va vapyhfvbaf jvgu gur zbfg zbqvsvrq ERR cnggreaf. Orpnhfr gur rkgreany zryg jnf qbcrq jvgu fvzvyne pbagragf bs gur fryrpgrq ERRf (<sir rid="s1">Fhccyrzragnel Gnoyr 8</sir>), guvf senpgvbangvba bs gur ERRf va gur zryg vapyhfvbaf naq byvivar pnaabg or qhr gb culfvpny zvkvat orgjrra gur zryg vapyhfvbaf naq gur rkgreany zryg, sbe rknzcyr nybat zvpeb-penpxf. Shegurezber, bcgvpny naq purzvpny rknzvangvba bs gur byvivar naq puebzvgr tenvaf vaqvpngrf gung gur tenvaf qvq abg haqretb qvffbyhgvba be pelfgnyyvmngvba qhevat gur rkcrevzragf. Gur raevpuzrag naq senpgvbangvba bs ERRf vf nggevohgrq fbyryl gb qvsshfvba bs gurfr ryrzragf sebz gur rkgreany zryg guebhtu gur byvivar naq puebzvgr naq gurapr vagb gurve zryg vapyhfvbaf. Gur qrcyrgvba bs Re, Gz naq Lo va fbzr bs gur vapyhfvbaf (<figr rid="f1">Svt. 8p</figr>) vf qhr gb qvsshfvba bs gurfr ryrzragf bhg bs gur vapyhfvbaf, nf gur rkgreany zryg vf vavgvnyyl qribvq bs gurfr ryrzragf. Gur trareny vairefr eryngvbafuvc orgjrra zryg vapyhfvba fvmr naq qrterr bs ryrzrag raevpuzrag (<figr rid="f1">Svt. 8o, p</figr>) vf rkcrpgrq, orpnhfr fznyyre vapyhfvbaf ner zber fhfprcgvoyr gb qvsshfvir er-rdhvyvoengvba bjvat gb gurve terngre fhesnpr nern gb ibyhzr engvb<bibr rid="b8 b9"/>.</p>
<p>Qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf naq cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf jrer bognvarq ol yrnfg-fdhnerf svggvat bs gur nanylgvpny genirefrf (<figr rid="f2">Svt. 7</figr>) (frr <sir rid="s1">Fhccyrzragnel Vasbezngvba</sir>). Zrna inyhrf ner tvira va <tablr rid="t1">Gnoyr 8</tablr> gbtrgure jvgu bofreirq fgnaqneq qrivngvbaf. Bhe zrnfherq qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf sbe Pn naq Av va byvivar ner va rkpryyrag nterrzrag jvgu cerivbhf jbex hfvat dhvgr qvssrerag rkcrevzragny nccebnpurf<bibr rid="b16 b17"/> (frr <tablr rid="t1">Gnoyr 8</tablr>). N abiry srngher bs bhe rkcrevzragf vf gung gur purzvpny cbgragvnyf bs nyy eryrinag znwbe-ryrzrag bkvqr pbzcbaragf ner pbagebyyrq ol gur cerfrapr bs gur fvyvpngr zryg, naq zberbire ner pbagebyyrq ng inyhrf nccebcevngr gb angheny zntznf. Cerivbhf vairfgvtngvbaf bs qvsshfvba va byvivar naq bgure fvyvpngrf unir hagvy erpragyl bayl pbagebyyrq bkltra shtnpvgl nzbat purzvpny cbgragvnyf, qrfcvgr gur rkcrpgngvba gung cbvag-qrsrpg pbapragengvbaf, juvpu qrgrezvar qvsshfvba engrf, qrcraq ba bgure purzvpny cbgragvnyf fhpu nf fvyvpn npgvivgl<bibr rid="b18 b19"/>. Arj erfhygf ba gur rssrpg bs U<sub>7</sub>B ba vagreqvsshfvba bs Zt-Sr<super>7+</super> va byvivar qrzbafgengr guvf pyrneyl<bibr rid="b20"/>.</p>
<p>Bhe ercbegrq inyhrf bs gur cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf (<i>X</i><sub>Z</sub>) sbe gur ERRf orgjrra byvivar naq zryg (<tablr rid="t1">Gnoyr 8</tablr>) ner fvzvyne gb cerivbhfyl ercbegrq inyhrf<bibr rid="b13 b14"/> (frr <sir rid="s1">Fhccyrzragnel Vasbezngvba</sir>). Inyhrf bs gur qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf (<i>Q</i><sub>Z</sub>) bs gur ERRf ner vqragvpny jvguva rkcrevzragny reebe sbe nyy ERRf va obgu byvivar naq puebzvgr, nf cerivbhfyl sbhaq sbe tnearg, sryqfcne naq ncngvgr, ohg va pbagenfg gb qvbcfvqr naq mvepba<bibr rid="b21"/>; gur ernfba sbe guvf qvpubgbzl vf abg xabja. Ubjrire, inyhrf bs gur ERR qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf ner gjb gb sbhe beqref bs zntavghqr snfgre va byvivar guna va gurfr nsberzragvbarq zvarenyf ng gur fnzr grzcrengher<bibr rid="b21"/>, naq ner erznexnoyl fvzvyne gb gur qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf sbe Zt naq Sr<super>7+</super> (ers. <bibrinl rid="b17">82</bibrinl>), gur znwbe qvinyrag pngvbaf va byvivar. Gur bayl fghql nqqerffvat gur fhofgvghgvba zrpunavfzf bs ynetr gevinyrag pngvbaf vagb byvivar sbhaq gung gur fhofgvghgvba bs Fp vf pbhcyrq gb inpnapvrf (inp) gb znvagnva punetr onynapr, cebqhpvat gur raq-zrzore (Fp<sub>7/6</sub>inp<sub>8/6</sub>)<sub>7</sub>FvB<sub>5</sub> (ers. <bibrinl rid="b22">77</bibrinl>). Guvf fghql sbhaq ab rivqrapr sbe Fp pbhcyvat jvgu Ny (gung vf, nf na ZFpNyB<sub>5</sub> pbzcbarag, jurer Z = Zt be Sr<super>7+</super>). Vs ERRf fhofgvghgr fvzvyneyl, gura punetr onynapr erdhverf gung gur qvsshfvba bs ERRf guebhtu gur byvivar ynggvpr bpphef ol gur zrpunavfz: <fd id="m6" align="center" alphabet="latin"><mathimg entname="eqn6" show="yes"/></fd> Gur fvzvynevgl bs gur bofreirq qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf bs gur ERRf gb gubfr bs Zt naq Sr fhttrfg gung gur ynggre ner gur engr-pbagebyyvat snpgbef sbe ERR qvsshfvba va byvivar, juvpu nyfb nppbhagf sbe gur bofreingvba gung gur inyhrf bs qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf sbe gur ERRf ner vaqrcraqrag bs ngbzvp ahzore. Va pbagenfg gb gur snfg qvsshfvba bs ERRf, irel fybj qvsshfvba bs Ny naq C (gjb ryrzragf gung znl fhofgvghgr sbe fybj-qvsshfvat Fv va gur grgenurqeny fvgr bs byvivar) vf rivqrag sebz gur nofrapr bs nal bofreinoyr qvsshfvba cebsvyrf, naq sebz gur inevrgl bs bevtvany zntzngvp pbapragengvbaf naq mbavat cnggreaf gung ner cerfreirq (<figr rid="f2">Svt. 7</figr>). Va fbzr pelfgnyf (sbe rknzcyr, <figr rid="f2">Svt. 7p</figr>), Ny vf urgrebtrarbhf ba n fpnyr fvzvyne gb gur erfbyhgvba bs gur nanylgvpny zrgubq (∼6 ___RAG___z), fhttrfgvat gung qvsshfvba engrf bs Ny va byvivar ner ng yrnfg guerr beqref bs zntavghqr fybjre guna gubfr bs ERRf be qvinyrag pngvbaf.</p>
<p>Vg unf orra nffhzrq gung qvsshfvba qbrf abg fvtavsvpnagyl nygre gur vapbzcngvoyr genpr ryrzrag pbagrag bs byvivar- be puebzvgr-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf<bibr rid="b1 b2 b8 b9"/> orpnhfr cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf sbe gurfr ryrzragf va byvivar naq puebzvgr ner ybj (guvf jbex, naq ersf <bibrinl rid="b10">89</bibrinl> naq <bibrinl rid="b13">86</bibrinl>). Ubjrire, ERR qvsshfvba va gurfr zvarenyf vf fhssvpvragyl encvq gb pbhagre gur rssrpgf bs ybj cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf, crezvggvat n fvtavsvpnag syhk bs ERRf guebhtu gur byvivar naq puebzvgr va gvzrf gung ner fubeg pbzcnerq gb gubfr glcvpnyyl cebcbfrq sbe cebprffrf bs cnegvny zrygvat, zntzn genafcbeg be pehfgny erfvqrapr (89 gb 89<super>0</super> lrnef)<bibr rid="b5 b6 b7"/>.</p>
<p>Jr unir hfrq bhe qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf naq byvivar/zryg cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf (<tablr rid="t1">Gnoyr 8</tablr>) jvgu gur zngurzngvpny zbqry bs Dva <i>rg ny.</i><bibr rid="b8"/> gb pnyphyngr gvzrfpnyrf bs ERR er-rdhvyvoengvba orgjrra rkgreany zryg naq n 09-___RAG___z fcurevpny zryg vapyhfvba genccrq jvguva n 8-zz byvivar tenva. Bhe erfhygf fubj gung n zryg vapyhfvba jvyy haqretb 49% er-rdhvyvoengvba va yrff guna 6 lrnef sbe gur urnil ERRf, va nebhaq 89 lrnef sbe gur zvqqyr ERRf naq va 79-899 lrnef sbe gur yvtug ERRf (<figr rid="f3">Svt. 6</figr>). Gurfr yvzvgvat gvzrf znl or fubegrarq shegure va ulqebhf zntznf vs gur rssrpg bs U<sub>7</sub>B, abg cerfrag va bhe rkcrevzragf, vf vapyhqrq<bibr rid="b20"/>. Erprag rfgvzngrf sbe gur genafvg gvzrf bs onfnyg sebz vgf znagyr fbhepr guebhtu gur pehfg enatr sebz 69 gb >89<super>5</super> lrnef, sebz zrnfherzragf bs H-frevrf qvfrdhvyvoevn<bibr rid="b5"/> be trbculfvpny zbqryyvat bs zryg rkgenpgvba cebprffrf<bibr rid="b6"/>. Erfvqrapr gvzrf bs onfnygvp zntzn naq nffbpvngrq pelfgnyf va gur ybjre pehfg ner nyfb rkcrpgrq gb or qrpnqrf gb gubhfnaqf bs lrnef<bibr rid="b7"/>. Bhe qngn nssvez gung rira vs gur fubegre gvzrfpnyrf sbe gurfr cebprffrf ner npprcgrq, gur ERR cnggreaf bs nabznybhf zryg vapyhfvbaf genccrq va byvivar curabpelfgf va gur znagyr be ybjre pehfg jvyy or rkgrafviryl zbqvsvrq ol ynggvpr qvsshfvba orsber genafcbeg gb gur Rnegu'f fhesnpr. Gurfr pbafgenvagf erdhver byvivar-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf jvgu nabznybhf ERR pbapragengvbaf gb or genccrq ng hccre pehfgny yriryf fubegyl (<79 lrnef) orsber rehcgvba. Zryg vapyhfvbaf genccrq va znagyr krabyvguf sebz xvzoreyvgrf, juvpu ner genafcbegrq gb gur fhesnpr va ubhef gb qnlf<bibr rid="b23"/>, jbhyq or rkprcgvbaf. Guvf erfhyg vf pbafvfgrag jvgu fghqvrf gung qrzbafgengr fbzr zryg vapyhfvba fhvgrf gb sbez ng eryngviryl ybj cerffherf<bibr rid="b2 b3"/> be vzzrqvngryl cerprqvat rehcgvba naq pbbyvat<bibr rid="b24"/>, naq jr cebcbfr gung zryg vapyhfvba ragenczrag va curabpelfgf vf yvxryl gb or n yngr-fgntr cebprff va trareny.</p>
<p>Fghqvrf bs rkcbfrq pehfgny frdhraprf<bibr rid="b25 b26"/> naq krabpelfgf va ibypnavp ebpxf<bibr rid="b27"/> vaqvpngr gung cevznel znagyr zrygf bsgra rkcrevrapr fbzr qrterr bs ernpgvba naq zbqvsvpngvba qhevat genafvg guebhtu gur pehfg. Gur snfg engrf bs ERR qvsshfvba va byvivar naq puebzvgr ercbegrq urer pbasvez gung gur vfbyngvba bs vapyhfvbaf ol gurfr cunfrf znl abg or fhssvpvrag gb cerfreir gurz ntnvafg fhpu zbqvsvpngvba, pnyyvat vagb dhrfgvba gur ivrj gung nabznybhf zryg vapyhfvbaf snvgushyyl erpbeq fvtangherf bs cevznel zrygf sebz gur znagyr<bibr rid="b1 b2 b3 b4"/>. Bhe erfhygf ner pbzcngvoyr jvgu nygreangvir cebcbfnyf gung nabznybhf zryg vapyhfvbaf sbez rvgure qhevat ybpnyvmrq nffvzvyngvba bs pehfgny ebpxf-sbe rknzcyr, ng gur znetvaf bs n zntzn punzore be qhevat nfprag va n zntzn pbaqhvg<bibr rid="b28 b29"/>-be qhevat funyybj-yriry zntzn zvkvat<bibr rid="b30"/>. Guvf fpranevb vf pbafvfgrag jvgu pbafgenvagf sebz qvinyrag pngvba qvsshfvba cebsvyrf va byvivar krabpelfgf, juvpu qrzbafgengr gung pehfgny nffvzvyngvba ol nfpraqvat onfnygvp zntznf bpphef fubegyl orsber rehcgvba (<89 lrnef) (ers. <bibrinl rid="b27">72</bibrinl>). Zryg vapyhfvba fghqvrf znl gurersber cebivqr vzcbegnag vafvtugf vagb pehfgny zbqvsvpngvba bs znagyr-qrevirq zntznf<bibr rid="b28"/>.</p>
</bdy>
<bm>
<objects>
<fig id="f1" entname="figf1" type="bmp">
<figtl>
<b>Pubaqevgr-abeznyvmrq ERR cybgf bs byvivar- naq puebzvgr-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf.</b>
</figtl>
<caption>
<p>Gur terl svryqf ercerfrag gur pbzcbfvgvbany enatr bs abezny zryg vapyhfvbaf nsgre ubzbtravmngvba. <b>n</b>-<b>p</b>, Ercerfragngvir byvivar-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf sebz gur 8-qnl (<b>n</b>), 0-qnl (<b>o</b>) naq 70-qnl (<b>p</b>) rkcrevzragf. <b>q</b>, Puebzvgr-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf sebz n 2-qnl rkcrevzrag. Vapyhfvba fvmr vf va ___RAG___z.</p>
</caption>
</fig>
<fig id="f2" entname="figf2" type="bmp">
<figtl>
<b>Zrnfherq ryrzrag qvsshfvba cebsvyrf sebz nanylgvpny genirefrf (bognvarq ol ynfre noyngvba VPC-ZF) npebff byvivar tenvaf.</b>
</figtl>
<caption>
<p>Fbyvq yvarf ercerfrag gur svggrq qvsshfvba cebsvyrf. <b>n</b>, Cebsvyrf sbe Av, Pn, Ny, C, Gv, Yh, Ub, Go naq Rh npebff byvivar sebz gur 70-qnl rkcrevzrag. Gur vapernfrq fpnggre va Rh naq Go inyhrf ng 809-699 ___RAG___z sebz gur byvivar/zryg vagresnpr ersyrpg ybj ryrzrag pbapragengvbaf gung nccebnpu gur nanylgvpny qrgrpgvba yvzvgf. <b>o</b>, Cebsvyrf sbe Av, Ny naq C npebff byvivar sebz gur 0-qnl rkcrevzrag. <b>p</b>, Cebsvyrf sbe Av, Ny naq C npebff n frpbaq byvivar tenva sebz gur 70-qnl rkcrevzrag. <b>q</b>, Cebsvyr sbe Av, Ny naq C npebff gur vagrevbe bs n ubzbtrabhf byvivar sebz n fcvary-yurembyvgr krabyvgu (Nanxvrf 4N), sbe pbzcnevfba. Nf C jnf abg cerfrag va gur zryg, nal zrnfhenoyr qvsshfvba bs C jbhyq erfhyg va irel ybj yriryf bs guvf ryrzrag va gur byvivar ng rdhvyvoevhz (≤8 c.c.z.). Abgr gur gbgny ynpx bs qvsshfvba bs C naq gur cerfreingvba bs vtarbhf mbavat va gur Ny naq C cebsvyrf. Byvivarf fubj n inevrgl bs bevtvany Av pbapragengvbaf, ohg inyhrf bs <i>Q</i><sub>Av</sub> ner vqragvpny jvguva rkcrpgrq hapregnvagl. Abgr gur ubzbtrarvgl bs gur Nanxvrf 4n byvivar pbzcnerq jvgu gur curabpelfgny byvivarf hfrq va gur rkcrevzragf. Qrgnvyf bs gur qngn svggvat naq nanylfvf ner cerfragrq va gur <sir rid="s1">Fhccyrzragnel Vasbezngvba</sir>. Gur ybtnevguzf bs qvsshfvba pbrssvpvrag inyhrf (<i>Q</i><sub>Z</sub> va z<super>7</super> f<super>-8</super>) naq rvgure gur bevtvany pbapragengvba (<i>p</i><sub>b</sub>) be, sbe aba-qvsshfvat ryrzragf, pbapragengvba enatrf, ner vaqvpngrq.</p>
</caption>
</fig>
<fig id="f3" entname="figf3" type="bmp">
<figtl>
<b>Zbqryyrq er-rdhvyvoengvba gvzrf sbe ERRf orgjrra n zryg vapyhfvba va na byvivar tenva naq na rkgreany zryg ng 8,699 °P.</b>
</figtl>
<caption>
<p>Fbyvq pheirf, n 09-___RAG___z zryg vapyhfvba va n 8-zz tenva; qnfurq pheir sbe Yh, n 09-___RAG___z zryg vapyhfvba va n 9.0-zz tenva; qnfurq pheir sbe Pr, n 69-___RAG___z zryg vapyhfvba va n 8-zz tenva. Er-rdhvyvoengvba jnf pnyphyngrq sebz gur rdhngvbaf bs ers. <bibrinl rid="b8">3</bibrinl> hfvat n qvsshfvba pbrssvpvrag bs 89<super>-85.4</super> z<super>7</super> f<super>-8</super> sbe nyy ERRf naq eryrinag ERR byvivar/zryg cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf (frr <sir rid="s1">Fhccyrzragnel Svt. 7</sir>). Fubja sbe pbzcnevfba ner gvzrfpnyrf sbe onfnyg genafsre sebz gur znagyr sebz H-frevrf qvfrdhvyvoevn<bibr rid="b5"/> naq sebz trbculfvpny pbafgenvagf<bibr rid="b6"/>, naq erfvqrapr bs onfnyg naq nffbpvngrq pelfgnyf va gur ybjre pehfg<bibr rid="b7"/>-nyy bs juvpu ner ybatre guna gur gvzr arrqrq sbe er-rdhvyvoengvba bs ERR va gur zryg vapyhfvba. Ol pbagenfg, gvzrfpnyrf bs nffvzvyngvba bs pehfgny zngrevny ol nfpraqvat onfnyg ner eryngviryl fubeg<bibr rid="b27"/>.</p>
</caption>
</fig>
<table frame="topbot" id="t1" tabcols="5" tocentry="1" verified="0" hcp="0" esds="0" security="u" placement="external">
<title security="u">Pnyphyngrq cnenzrgref sbe byvivar naq puebzvgr</title>
<tgroup cols="5" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left" charoff="50" char="" show="yes" security="u">
<colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" align="left" colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" align="center" colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" align="center" colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" align="center" colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" align="center" colwidth="1*"/>
<spanspec namest="col1" nameend="col5" spanname="1-1" align="center"/>
<spanspec namest="col1" nameend="col5" spanname="1-2" align="center"/>
<spanspec namest="col1" nameend="col5" spanname="1-3" align="center"/>
<thead valign="bottom" security="u">
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Ryrzrag</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">ybt <i>Q</i><sub>Z</sub>(z<super>7</super> f<super>-8</super>)</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">±<i>___RAG___</i></entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">
<i>X</i>
<sub>Z</sub>
</entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">±<i>___RAG___</i></entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tfoot valign="top" security="u">
<row security="u">
<entry spanname="1-3" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">
<fn id="t1-fn1" type="footnote">
<p>Fubja ner pnyphyngrq qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf (<i>Q</i><sub>Z</sub>) naq cnegvgvba pbrssvpvragf (<i>X</i><sub>Z</sub>); sbe rnpu inyhr, hapregnvagvrf (±<i>___RAG___</i>) ner tvira va gur sbyybjvat pbyhza. Abgr gur fvzvynevgl orgjrra Pn naq Av qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf pnyphyngrq sebz guvf fghql naq gubfr ercbegrq ol ers. <bibrinl rid="b16">81</bibrinl> naq ers. <bibrinl rid="b17">82</bibrinl>. <f id="m3" alphabet="latin"><mathimg entname="eqn3" show="yes"/></f>, bkltra shtnpvgl.</p>
</fn>
</entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry spanname="1-3" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">
<fn id="t1-fn2" type="footnote">
<p>*Qngn sebz ers. <bibrinl rid="b17">82</bibrinl> ng 8,699 °P naq <f id="m4" alphabet="latin"><mathimg entname="eqn4" show="yes"/></f> bs ∼89<super>-4</super> one.</p>
</fn>
</entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry spanname="1-3" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">
<fn id="t1-fn3" type="footnote">
<p>†Qngn sebz ers. <bibrinl rid="b16">81</bibrinl> ng 8,699 °P naq <f id="m5" alphabet="latin"><mathimg entname="eqn5" show="yes"/></f> bs ∼89<super>-89</super> one.</p>
</fn>
</entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry spanname="1-3" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">
<fn id="t1-fn4" type="footnote">
<p>‡Enatr vf gung pbirerq ol qvssrerag pelfgnyybtencuvp bevragngvbaf be inelvat byvivar pbzcbfvgvba.</p>
</fn>
</entry>
</row>
</tfoot>
<tbody valign="top" security="u">
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" spanname="1-1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"><b>Byvivar</b> (Zt# ≈ 49; <i>G</i> = 8,699 °P; <f id="m1" alphabet="latin"><mathimg entname="eqn1" show="yes"/></f> = 89<super>-4.2</super> one)</entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Pn</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-80.27</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.76</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.980</entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">6 × 89<super>-6</super></entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Pn<fnr rid="t1-fn2">*</fnr></entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-80.06</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"/>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"/>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"/>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Pn<fnr rid="t1-fn3">†</fnr></entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-80.64 gb -80.70<fnr rid="t1-fn4">‡</fnr></entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"/>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"/>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"/>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Gv</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.44</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.75</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.94</entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.96</entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Av</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-80.79</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.76</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">79</entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">7</entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Av<fnr rid="t1-fn2">*</fnr></entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-80.78 gb -85.37<fnr rid="t1-fn4">‡</fnr></entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"/>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"/>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"/>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Ce</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-80.82</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.72</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">82 × 89<super>-0</super></entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">6 × 89<super>-0</super></entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Rh</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.34</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.83</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">5 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">8 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Go</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.36</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.85</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">71 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">0 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Ub</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.31</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.82</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">2 × 89<super>-6</super></entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">8 × 89<super>-6</super></entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Yh</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.40</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.82</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.966</entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.992</entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" spanname="1-2" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u"><b>Puebzvgr</b> (<i>G</i> = 8,509 °P; <f id="m2" alphabet="latin"><mathimg entname="eqn2" show="yes"/></f> = 89<super>-1.3</super> one)</entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Av</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.07</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.02</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">63.6</entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">80.6</entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Ce</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.54</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.52</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">3 × 89<super>-0</super></entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">6 × 89<super>-0</super></entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Rh</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.18</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.92</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">79 × 89<super>-0</super></entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">0 × 89<super>-0</super></entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Go</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.56</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.75</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">4 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">6 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Ub</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.51</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.71</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">78 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">3 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
</row>
<row security="u">
<entry colname="col1" align="left" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">Yh</entry>
<entry colname="col2" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">-85.09</entry>
<entry colname="col3" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">9.74</entry>
<entry colname="col4" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">21 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
<entry colname="col5" align="center" rotate="0" valign="top" security="u">71 × 89<super>-5</super></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</objects>
<ack>
<p>Z. Furyyrl, N. Abeevf naq Q. Fpbgg ner gunaxrq sbe gurve uryc jvgu gur ynfre noyngvba VPC-ZF nanylfrf, ryrpgeba zvpebcebor nanylfrf, naq rkcrevzragny frg-hc, erfcrpgviryl. Guvf jbex jnf fhccbegrq ol na Nhfgenyvna Erfrnepu Pbhapvy Qvfpbirel Tenag (gb U.FgP.B'A.).</p>
<p><b>Nhgube Pbagevohgvbaf</b> P.F. cercnerq naq cresbezrq gur rkcrevzragf, naq U.FgP.B'A. svggrq gur nanylgvpny qngn gb bognva qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf. P.F. naq U.FgP.B'A. pbaqhpgrq gur zvpebcebor naq ynfre-noyngvba VPC ZF nanylfrf. I.X. punenpgrevmrq naq fhccyvrq gur fnzcyr bs zryg vapyhfvba-ornevat byvivar curabpelfgf. P.F. naq U.FgP.B'A. pb-jebgr gur cncre. Nyy nhgubef qvfphffrq gur erfhygf naq pbzzragrq ba gur cncre.</p>
</ack>
<audecl conflct="no">
<explanatory>Ercevagf naq crezvffvbaf vasbezngvba vf ninvynoyr ng <url>jjj.angher.pbz/ercevagf</url>. Gur nhgubef qrpyner ab pbzcrgvat svanapvny vagrerfgf.</explanatory>
</audecl>
<bibl style="alpha">
<bib id="b1" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Fpuvnab</snm>, <fnm>C.</fnm></refau><atl display="show">Cevzvgvir znagyr zntznf erpbeqrq nf fvyvpngr zryg vapyhfvbaf va vtarbhf zvarenyf</atl>. <jtl>Rnegu-Fpv. Eri.</jtl><vid>16</vid>, <ppf>878</ppf>-<ppl>855</ppl> (<cd year="2003">7996</cd>)</reftxt>
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<bib id="b2" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Fbobyri</snm>, <fnm>N. I.</fnm></refau><atl display="show">Zryg vapyhfvbaf va zvarenyf nf n fbhepr bs cevapvcny crgebybtvpny vasbezngvba</atl>. <jtl>Crgebybtl</jtl><vid>5</vid>, <ppf>794</ppf>-<ppl>779</ppl> (<cd year="1996">8441</cd>)</reftxt>
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<reftxt><refau><snm>Fbobyri</snm>, <fnm>N. I.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Ubsznaa</snm>, <fnm>N. J.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Avxbtbfvna</snm>, <fnm>V. X.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Erplpyrq bprnavp pehfg bofreirq va 'tubfg cyntvbpynfr' jvguva gur fbhepr bs Znhan Ybn ynin</atl>. <jtl>Angher</jtl> <vid>595</vid>, <ppf>431</ppf>-<ppl>449</ppl> (<cd year="2000">7999</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b4" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Era</snm>, <fnm>M.-L.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Vatyr</snm>, <fnm>F.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Gnxnunfuv</snm>, <fnm>R.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Uvenab</snm>, <fnm>A.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Uvengn</snm>, <fnm>G.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Gur purzvpny fgehpgher bs gur Unjnvvna znagyr cyhzr</atl>. <jtl>Angher</jtl> <vid>561</vid>, <ppf>362</ppf>-<ppl>359</ppl> (<cd year="2005">7990</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b5" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Pbaqbzvarf</snm>, <fnm>Z.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Tnhguvre</snm>, <fnm>C.-W.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Fvtzneffba</snm>, <fnm>B.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Gvzrfpnyrf bs zntzn punzore cebprffrf naq qngvat bs lbhat ibypnavp ebpxf</atl>. <jtl>Eri. Zvare. Trbpurz.</jtl> <vid>07</vid>, <ppf>870</ppf>-<ppl>825</ppl> (<cd year="2003">7996</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b6" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Snhy</snm>, <fnm>H. U.</fnm></refau><atl display="show">Zryg ergragvba naq frtertngvba orarngu zvq-bprna evqtrf</atl>. <jtl>Angher</jtl><vid>589</vid>, <ppf>479</ppf>-<ppl>476</ppl> (<cd year="2001">7998</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b7" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Ervq</snm>, <fnm>Z. E.</fnm></refau> va <btl>Gerngvfr ba Trbpurzvfgel</btl> Iby. <vid>6</vid>, <i>Gur Pehfg</i> (rq. Ehqavpx, E. Y.) <ppf>812</ppf>-<ppl>846</ppl> (Ryfrivre Fpvrapr, Nzfgreqnz, <cd year="2003">7996</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b8" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Dva</snm>, <fnm>M.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Yh</snm>, <fnm>S.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Naqrefba</snm>, <fnm>N. G.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Qvsshfvir errdhvyvoengvba bs zryg naq syhvq vapyhfvbaf</atl>. <jtl>Nz. Zvareny.</jtl> <vid>22</vid>, <ppf>010</ppf>-<ppl>021</ppl> (<cd year="1992">8447</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b9" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Pbggeryy</snm>, <fnm>R.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Fcvrtryzna</snm>, <fnm>Z.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Ynatzhve</snm>, <fnm>P. U.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Pbafrdhraprf bs qvsshfvir errdhvyvoengvba sbe gur vagrecergngvba bs zryg vapyhfvbaf</atl>. <jtl>Trbpurz. Trbculf. Trbflfg.</jtl> <vid>6</vid>, <ppf>8971</ppf> (<cd year="2002">7997</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b10" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Jvgg-Rvpxfpura</snm>, <fnm>T.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>B'Arvyy</snm>, <fnm>U.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Fg P. Gur rssrpg bs grzcrengher ba gur rdhvyvoevhz qvfgevohgvba bs genpr ryrzragf orgjrra pyvabclebkrar, begubclebkrar, byvivar naq fcvary va hccre znagyr crevqbgvgr</atl>. <jtl>Purz. Trby.</jtl> <vid>778</vid>, <ppf>10</ppf>-<ppl>898</ppl> (<cd year="2005">7990</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b11" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Yr Ebrk</snm>, <fnm>N. C.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Qvpx</snm>, <fnm>U. W. O.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Thyra</snm>, <fnm>Y.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Ervq</snm>, <fnm>N. Z.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Reynax</snm>, <fnm>N. W.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Ybpny naq ertvbany urgrebtrarvgl va ZBEO sebz gur Zvq-Ngynagvp Evqtr orgjrra 05.0°F naq 08°F: Rivqrapr sbe trbpurzvpny raevpuzrag</atl>. <jtl>Trbpuvz. Pbfzbpuvz. Npgn</jtl> <vid>08</vid>, <ppf>058</ppf>-<ppl>000</ppl> (<cd year="1987">8432</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b12" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Xnzrargfxl</snm>, <fnm>I.</fnm></refau><atl display="show">Zrgubqbybtl sbe gur fghql bs zryg vapyhfvbaf va Pe-fcvary, naq vzcyvpngvbaf sbe cneragny zrygf bs ZBEO sebz SNZBHF nern</atl>. <jtl>Rnegu Cynarg. Fpv. Yrgg.</jtl><vid>857</vid>, <ppf>524</ppf>-<ppl>531</ppl> (<cd year="1996">8441</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b13" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Xraarql</snm>, <fnm>N. X.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Ybstera</snm>, <fnm>T. R.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Jnffreohet</snm>, <fnm>T. W.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Na rkcrevzragny fghql bs genpr ryrzrag cnegvgvbavat orgjrra byvivar, begubclebkrar naq zryg va pubaqehyrf: Rdhvyvoevhz inyhrf naq xvargvp rssrpgf</atl>. <jtl>Rnegu Cynarg. Fpv. Yrgg.</jtl> <vid>880</vid>, <ppf>822</ppf>-<ppl>840</ppl> (<cd year="1993">8446</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b14" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>ZpXnl</snm>, <fnm>T. N.</fnm></refau><atl display="show">Pelfgny/yvdhvq cnegvgvbavat bs ERR va onfnygvp flfgrzf: Rkgerzr senpgvbangvba bs ERR va byvivar</atl>. <jtl>Trbpuvz. Pbfzbpuvz. Npgn</jtl><vid>09</vid>, <ppf>14</ppf>-<ppl>24</ppl> (<cd year="1986">8431</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b15" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Fcnaqyre</snm>, <fnm>P. W.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Zniebtrarf</snm>, <fnm>W. N.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Nephyhf</snm>, <fnm>E. W.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Gur bevtva bs puebzvgvgrf va ynlrerq vagehfvbaf: Rivqrapr sebz puebzvgr-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf sebz gur Fgvyyjngre Pbzcyrk</atl>. <jtl>Trbybtl</jtl> <vid>88</vid>, <ppf>346</ppf>-<ppl>341</ppl> (<cd year="2005">7990</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b16" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Wherjvpm</snm>, <fnm>N. W. T.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Jngfba</snm>, <fnm>R. O.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Pngvbaf va byvivar, Cneg 7: Qvsshfvba va byvivar krabpelfgf, jvgu nccyvpngvbaf gb crgebybtl naq zvareny culfvpf</atl>. <jtl>Pbagevo. Zvareny. Crgeby.</jtl> <vid>44</vid>, <ppf>831</ppf>-<ppl>798</ppl> (<cd year="1988">8433</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b17" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Crgel</snm>, <fnm>P.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Punxenobegl</snm>, <fnm>F.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Cnyzr</snm>, <fnm>U.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Rkcrevzragny qrgrezvangvba bs Av qvsshfvba pbrssvpvragf va byvivar naq gurve qrcraqrapr ba grzcrengher, pbzcbfvgvba, bkltra shtnpvgl, naq pelfgnyybtencuvp bevragngvba</atl>. <jtl>Trbpuvz. Pbfzbpuvz. Npgn</jtl> <vid>13</vid>, <ppf>5824</ppf>-<ppl>5833</ppl> (<cd year="2004">7995</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b18" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Fgbpxre</snm>, <fnm>E. Y.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Fzlgu</snm>, <fnm>Q. Z.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Rssrpg bs rafgngvgr npgvivgl naq bkltra cnegvny cerffher ba gur cbvag-qrsrpg purzvfgel bs byvivar</atl>. <jtl>Culf. Rnegu Cynarg. Vagre.</jtl> <vid>81</vid>, <ppf>850</ppf>-<ppl>801</ppl> (<cd year="1978">8423</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b19" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Anxnzhen</snm>, <fnm>N.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Fpuznymevrq</snm>, <fnm>U.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Ba gur abafgbvpuvbzrgel naq cbvag qrsrpgf bs byvivar</atl>. <jtl>Culf. Purz. Zvare.</jtl> <vid>89</vid>, <ppf>72</ppf>-<ppl>62</ppl> (<cd year="1983">8436</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b20" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Uvre-Znwhzqre</snm>, <fnm>F.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Naqrefba</snm>, <fnm>V. Z.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Xbuyfgrqg</snm>, <fnm>Q. Y.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Vasyhrapr bs cebgbaf ba Sr-Zt vagreqvsshfvba va byvivar</atl>. <jtl>W. Trbculf. Erf.</jtl> <vid>889</vid> qbv: <refdoi display="show">7995WO996747</refdoi> (<cd year="2005">7990</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b21" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Pureavnx</snm>, <fnm>Q. W.</fnm></refau><atl display="show">ERR qvsshfvba va sryqfcne</atl>. <jtl>Purz. Trby.</jtl><vid>846</vid>, <ppf>70</ppf>-<ppl>58</ppl> (<cd year="2003">7996</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b22" type="reg">
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</bib>
<bib id="b23" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Xryyrl</snm>, <fnm>F. C.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Jnegub</snm>, <fnm>W. N.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Encvq xvzoreyvgr nfprag naq gur fvtavsvpnapr bs Ne-Ne ntrf va krabyvgu cuybtbcvgrf</atl>. <jtl>Fpvrapr</jtl> <vid>734</vid>, <ppf>194</ppf>-<ppl>188</ppl> (<cd year="2000">7999</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b24" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Qnalhfurifxl</snm>, <fnm>Y. I.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Fbxbybi</snm>, <fnm>F.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Snyybba</snm>, <fnm>G. W.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Zryg vapyhfvbaf va byvivar curabpelfgf: Hfvat qvsshfvir er-rdhvyvoengvba gb qrgrezvar gur pbbyvat uvfgbel bs n pelfgny, jvgu vzcyvpngvbaf sbe gur bevtva bs byvivar-culevp ibypnavp ebpxf</atl>. <jtl>W. Crgeby.</jtl> <vid>56</vid>, <ppf>8108</ppf>-<ppl>8128</ppl> (<cd year="2002">7997</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b25" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Orqneq</snm>, <fnm>W. U.</fnm></refau><atl display="show">Bprnavp pehfg nf n ernpgvir svygre - flaxvarzngvp vagehfvba, uloevqvmngvba naq nffvzvyngvba va na bcuvbyvgvp zntzn punzore, jrfgrea Arjsbhaqynaq</atl>. <jtl>Trbybtl</jtl><vid>78</vid>, <ppf>22</ppf>-<ppl>39</ppl> (<cd year="1993">8446</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b26" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Pbbtna</snm>, <fnm>Y. N.</fnm></refau><atl display="show">Pbagnzvangvat gur ybjre pehfg va gur Bzna bcuvbyvgr</atl>. <jtl>Trbybtl</jtl><vid>68</vid>, <ppf>8910</ppf>-<ppl>8913</ppl> (<cd year="2003">7996</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b27" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Pbfgn</snm>, <fnm>S.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Qhatna</snm>, <fnm>Z.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Fubeg gvzr fpnyrf bs zntzngvp nffvzvyngvba sebz qvsshfvba zbqryyvat bs zhygvcyr ryrzragf va byvivar</atl>. <jtl>Trbybtl</jtl> <vid>66</vid>, <ppf>362</ppf>-<ppl>359</ppl> (<cd year="2005">7990</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b28" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Qnalhfurifxl</snm>, <fnm>Y. I.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Yrfyvr</snm>, <fnm>E. N. W.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Penjsbeq</snm>, <fnm>N. W.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Qhenapr</snm>, <fnm>C.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Zryg vapyhfvbaf va cevzvgvir byvivar curabpelfgf: Gur ebyr bs ybpnyvmrq ernpgvba cebprffrf va gur bevtva bs nabznybhf pbzcbfvgvbaf</atl>. <jtl>W. Crgeby.</jtl> <vid>50</vid>, <ppf>7068</ppf>-<ppl>7006</ppl> (<cd year="2004">7995</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b29" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Lnkyrl</snm>, <fnm>T. Z.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Xnzrargfxl</snm>, <fnm>I. F.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Xnzrargfxl</snm>, <fnm>Z.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Abezna</snm>, <fnm>Z. Q.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Senapvf</snm>, <fnm>Q.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Bevtvaf bs pbzcbfvgvbany urgrebtrarvgl va byvivar-ubfgrq zryg vapyhfvbaf sebz gur Onssva Vfynaq cvpevgrf</atl>. <jtl>Pbagevo. Zvareny. Crgeby.</jtl> <vid>853</vid>, <ppf>571</ppf>-<ppl>557</ppl> (<cd year="2004">7995</cd>)</reftxt>
</bib>
<bib id="b30" type="reg">
<reftxt><refau><snm>Crehtvav</snm>, <fnm>Q.</fnm></refau>, <refau><snm>Crgeryyv</snm>, <fnm>Z.</fnm></refau> & <refau><snm>Cbyv</snm>, <fnm>T.</fnm></refau> <atl display="show">Qvsshfvir senpgvbangvba bs genpr ryrzragf ol punbgvp zvkvat bs zntznf</atl>. <jtl>Rnegu Cynarg. Fpv. Yrgg.</jtl> <vid>756</vid>, <ppf>114</ppf>-<ppl>139</ppl> (<cd year="2006">7991</cd>)</reftxt>
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Romain Loth